----------------------------------------------------------------- Readme file to accompany INTEX-B 2006 DC8 flask data v5 20070912 ----------------------------------------------------------------- TERMS AND CONDITIONS (Adapted from NOAA and NACP data policy) ------------------------------------------------------------ Use of these data in any part implies an agreement on the part of the user that individuals and/or institutions responsible for contributing to data sets used must be specifically cited in addition to a general citation of the NACP greenhouse gas database. The INTEX-B 2006 DC8 aircraft flask data set citation information: Please acknowledge contributions from the PIs listed below (under Project Purpose & Description) Please contact James Crawford (james.h.crawford@nasa.gov , 757-864-7231) and Michael Craig (michael.s.craig@nasa.gov, INTEX-NA Project Manager) for additional citation information. Refer to the INTEX-B web site "http://www.espo.nasa.gov/intex-b/" for more information. Original data sets are available from: "http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/intex-b/dataaccess.htm" Accompanying data set is compiled from the UCIGC merged data sets: mrgUCIGC_dc8_20060304_R5_thru20060322.ict mrgUCIGC_dc8_20060417_R5_thru20060515.ict NACP investigators will include an acknowledgement in each publication or presentation arising from participation in NACP. The wording shall be similar to the following: "This study was part of the North American Carbon Program." Data providers and funding agencies may request additional acknowledgements. Upon publication of results, investigators should send the NACP Office an electronic copy of the publication. USE OF DATA These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to a greater understanding and new scientific insights. The availability of these data does not constitute publication of the data. We rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to assure that the source(s) receive fair credit for their work. If the data are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, the source(s) should be informed at the outset of the nature of this work. If the source's data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on their data, co-authorship may be appropriate. This should be discussed at an early stage in the work. Manuscripts using the source's data should be sent to the source(s) for review before they are submitted for publication so we can ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately represented. RECIPROCITY AGREEMENT Use of these data implies an agreement to reciprocate. Laboratories making similar measurements agree to make their own data available to the general public and to the scientific community in an equally complete and easily accessible form. Modelers are encouraged to make available to the community, upon request, their own tools used in the interpretation of the source data, namely well documented model code, transport fields, and additional information necessary for other scientists to repeat the work and to run modified versions. Model availability includes collaborative support for new users of the models. INTEX-B 2006 PROJECT PURPOSE & DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------------ The PIs for the project are: Bruce E. Anderson, NASA Langley Research Center, b.e.anderson@larc.nasa.gov Melody A. Avery, NASA Langley Research Center, m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov John D. Barrick, NASA Langley Research Center, j.d.barrick@larc.nasa.gov Donald R. Blake, University of California, Irvine, drblake@uci.edu Edward V. Browell, NASA Langley Research Center, edward.v.browell@larc.nasa.gov William Brune, Penn State University, brune@essc.psu.edu Anthony D. Clarke, University of Hawaii, tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu Ronald C. Cohen, University of California, Berkeley, cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu Jack Dibb, University of New Hampshire, jack.dibb@unh.edu Glenn S. Diskin, NASA Langley Research Center, glenn.s.diskin@nasa.gov Alan Fried, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, fried@ucar.edu Brian G. Heikes, University of Rhode Island, bheikes@gso.uri.edu Greg Huey, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu Thomas J. McGee, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, thomas.j.mcgee@nasa.gov Daniel McKenna, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, danny@ucar.edu Daniel O'Sullivan, United States Naval Academy, osulliva@usna.edu Glen W. Sachse, NASA Langley Research Center, g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov Richard E. Shetter, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, shetter@ucar.edu Hanwant B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center, hsingh@mail.arc.nasa.gov Robert W. Talbot, University of New Hampshire, robert.talbot@unh.edu David Tan, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, dtan@eas.gatech.edu Stephanie A. Vay, NASA Langley Research Center, s.a.vay@larc.nasa.gov I. Introduction A central component of NASA's grand vision in Earth Sciences is to understand how the Earth's atmosphere is changing and the consequences of this change. INTEX-NA is an integrated atmospheric field experiment consisting of two phases. Phase A (INTEX-A) occured in the summer of 2004 over the central and eastern United States; Phase B (INTEX-B) occurred in the spring of 2006 over the west coast, in Mexico City, and out in the pacific region toward Asia. The INTEX-NA mission seeks to answer questions about the transport and transformation of gases and aerosols on transcontinental/intercontinental scales and their impact on air quality and climate. The main constituents of interest are ozone and precursors, aerosols and precursors, and the long-lived greenhouse gases. A particular focus of this study is to quantify and characterize the inflow and outflow of pollution over North America and its transformation during transport to distant continents. Over 10 weeks in the spring of 2006, NASA's INTEX-B program focused primarily on pollution outflow, both from Mexico City and Asia. In March, data collection took place in the Mexico City area, while Asian pollution observations occured in the second phase of INTEX-B, during April and May. The INTEX-B mission is sponsored by the Tropospheric Chemistry Program at NASA headquarters, as well as the NSF-led MIRAGE-MEX and the German/DLR-led IMPACT. II. Mission Description and Science Objectives The platform for the spring 2006 INTEX-B mission involved two principal aircraft, the NASA DC-8 high-altitude aircraft and the NSF/NCAR C-130 low-flying aircraft. Each airborne platform was available for approximately 180 flight hours and was equipped with a comprehensive suite of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation to provide a comprehensive suite of chemical, physical, and optical measurements involving gases and aerosols. The NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 platforms were complemented by other aircraft, including the NASA J-31, NASA B-200, and DLR Falcon-20. Additionally, several satellites (Terra, Aqua, Aura, Envistat) made atmospheric measurements from space. A primary goal of the INTEX-B program is the validation of these satellite observations, as the ability to relate space-based observations with those from airborne and surface platforms is central to achieving INTEX-B objectives. The NASA DC-8 was operated from bases in Houston, TX, Hilo, HI, and Anchorage, AK, while the NSF/NCAR C-130 was operated from Tampico, Mexico, and Seattle, WA. Meteorological and chemical forecasts, as well as satellite observations and surface networks, provided by a number of groups were the principal means for flight planning. Output from a number of models with varying resolution and capabilities was available for this purpose. These models played a critical role in the overall experiment and will also contribute to post-mission analysis of data. The principal science objectives of INTEX-B are to: -Quantify the transpacific transport and evolution of Asian pollution to North America and assess its implications for regional air quality and climate; -Quantify the outflow and evolution of gases and aerosols from the Mexico City Megaplex; -Investigate the transport of Asian and North American pollution to the eastern Atlantic and assess its implications for European air quality; -Validate and refine satellite observations of tropospheric composition; -Map emissions of trace gases and aerosols and relate atmospheric composition to sources and sinks. III. Methods Parameter Method PIs a. Aerosol number Wing Mounted Aerosol Probes B. Anderson, NASA LaRC concentration, area density, volume density b. O3. NO/O3, Chemiluminescence M. Avery, NASA LaRC c. H2O mixing ratio, J(NO2) Cryo-chill mirror, cryogenic J. Barrick, NASA LaRC hygrometer, filter radiometer, ICATS Navigation System d.CO, CH4, OCS, DMS, CS2, Grab samples analyzed with D. Blake, UC Irvine CFCs, VOCs gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry e. Aerosol Scattering Ratio UV Lidar (Airborne Differential E. Browell, NASA LaRC Aerosol Depolarization %, Absorption Lidar- DIAL) Aerosol Wavelength Dependence, Troposphere and tropopause O3 profiles f. OH, HO2 Laser Induced Fluorescence W. Brune, Penn State U (LIF) g. Aerosol absorption 3-wl Radiance Research A. Clarke, U of Hawaii coefficients, size, Particle Soot Absorption concentration, scattering Photometer (PSAP), coefficients Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS TSI 3221), TSI Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA and Long DMA), Optical Particle Counter (OPC) calibrated with PSL spheres, nephelometers (TSI 3563 and 3 Radiance Research-RR) h. NO2, HNO3, PANs, "alkyl" Thermal Dissociation-Laser R. Cohen, UC Berkeley nitrates Induced Fluorescence i. Bulk aerosol ionic Isokinetic sampling through J. Dibb, U New Hampshire composition, HNO3, fine forward-facing aerosol inlet aerosol sulfate onto teflon filter, mist chamber j. H2O vapor mixing ratio Open path Diode Laser G. Diskin, NASA LaRC Hygrometer k. CH2O (formaldehyde) Tunable Diode Laser A. Fried, NCAR l. H2O2, CH3OOH, CH2O Fluorometry (aqueous B. Heikes, U Rhode Island collection followed by enzyme fluorescence detection and high-performance liquid chromatography-HPLC) m. HCl, NO Chemical Ionization Mass G. Huey, GIT-EAS Spectrometry (CIMS), NO Chemiluminescence n. O3 number density and Excimer and Yag lasers T. McGee, NASA GSFC mixing ratio, aerosol number o. H2O2 Aqueous collection followed D. O'Sullivan, USNA by Chemiluminescence with acidinium ester p. CO, CH4, N2O Diode laser spectrometer G. Sachse NASA LaRC q. J(O3), J(NO2), J(N2O5), Scanning actinic flux R. Shetter, NCAR J(H2O2), J(HNO2), J(HNO3), spectroradiometer with photo J(CH20), J(CH3CHO), J(C2H5CHO), multiplier tube (PMT) detector J(CHOCHO), J(CH3COCHO), J(CH3COCH3), J(CH3OOH), J(CH3ONO2), J(PAN), J(CH3CH2CH2CHO), J(CH3COCH2CH3), J(HO2NO2), J(CH3CH2ONO2) r. PAN, acetaldehyde, propanal, Automated dual gas H. Singh, NASA ARC acetone, methyl ethyl ketone chromatography with (MEK), methanol, ethanol, cryofocusing (PAN), Reduction acetonitrile, HCN Gas Detector (methanol, ethanol, nitriles), Photo Ionization Detector (all else) s. Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence R. Talbot, U New Hampshire Spectrometry t. NO, LOD Laser-Induced Fluorescence D. Tan, GIT-EAS (LIF) u. CO2 LI-COR 6252 Spectrometer S. Vay, NASA LaRC VARIABLE NAMES -------------- YYYYMMDD : Year, month, and day of sampling doy : Absolute day of year UTC : Coordinated Universal Time, in seconds from midnight time.open : Number of seconds flask was open flt.num : Flight number latitude : Latitude, in degrees longitude : Longitude, in degrees gps.altitude : GPS altitude, in meters press.altitude : Pressure altitude, in meters rad.altitude : Radar altitude, in meters cabin.altitude : Altitude of cabin , in meters roll : Aircraft roll angle, in degrees pitch : Aircraft pitch angle, in degrees heading : Aircraft heading angle, in degrees track : Aircraft track angle, in degrees drift : Aircraft drift angle, in degrees sza.deg : Solar Zenith Angle, in degrees sun.elev.earth : Elevation angle of sun with respect to the earth, in degrees sun.elev.air : Elevation angle of aircraft with respect to the earth, in degrees sun.az.earth : Azimuth angle of sun with respect to the earth, in degrees sun.az.air : Azimuth angle of sun with respect to the aircraft, in degrees counter : Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.hot : Condensation Nuclei Count when air is heated to 300C, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.ultrafine: Ultrafine Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter airT.C : Air temperature, in celsius ir.surf.temp : Infrared surface temperature, in celsius dew.point_1011 : Dew point measured by 1011, in celsius dew.point_CRYO : Dew point measured by Cryogenic Hygrometer, in celsius THETA : Potential Temperature, in Kelvin rel.humid.H2O : Calculated relative humidity over water, in percent, based on project recommended dew point (dew.point_PROJ) rel.humid.ice : Calculated relative humidity over ice, in percent, based on project recommended dew point (dew.point_PROJ) static.press : Static pressure, in mbar vap.press.H2O : Vapor pressure of water with liquid phase, in mbar vap.press.ice : Vapor pressure of water with ice phase, in mbar sat.vap.press.H2O: Saturated vapor pressure of water with liquid phase, in mbar sat.vap.press.ice: Saturated vapor pressure of water with ice phase, in mbar ground.speed : Aircraft ground speed, in m/s air.speed : Aircraft air speed, in m/s wind.m : Horizontal wind speed, in m/s wind.d : Horizontal wind angle, in degrees vert.air.speed : Vertical air speed, in m/s mach : Mach number clear : Percent clear haze : Percent hazy intermediate : Percent intermediate cloudy : Percent cloudy ANs_TDLIF : Total alkyl nitrate mixing ratio via TDLIF, in pptv benzene_UCI : Benzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.BuONO2_UCI : 2-butylnitrate (organic nitrate) mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.3.butadiene_UCI: 1-3-butadiene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv i.butane_UCI : Isobutane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.butane_UCI : n-butane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.butene_UCI : 1-butene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cis.2.butene_UCI: Cis-2-butene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv trans.2.butene_UCI: Trans-2-butene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CCl4_UCI : CCl4 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv C2Cl4_UCI : C2Cl4 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc11_UCI : Cfc11 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc113_UCI : Cfc113 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc114_UCI : Cfc114 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc12_UCI : Cfc112 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHBr3_UCI : Bromoform mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHBrCl2_UCI : Bromodichloromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHBr2Cl_UCI : Dibromochloromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHCl3_UCI : Chloroform mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv C2HCl3_UCI : Trichloroethylene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH2Br2_UCI : Dibromomethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH2Cl2_UCI : Dichloromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3Br_UCI : Methyl bromide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3Cl_UCI : Methyl chloride mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3CHO_PANAK : Acetaldehyde mixing ratio, in pptv CH3CN_PANAK : Acetonitrile mixing ratio, in pptv CH3I_UCI : Methyl iodide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3OH_PANAK : Methanol mixing ratio, in pptv CH3ONO2_UCI : Methyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3OOH_URI : Methyl hydroperoxide mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv CH4_NASA : Methane mixing ratio measured by NASA, in ppbv CH4_UCI : Methane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in ppbv CO_NASA : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio measured at NASA, in ppbv CO_UCI : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in ppbv CO2_LICOR : Carbon dioxide mixing ratio via LICOR, in ppmv COS_UCI : Carbonyl sulfide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CS2_UCI : Carbon disulfide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.2.DCE_UCI : 1-2-dichloroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv DMK_PANAK : Dimethylketene mixing ratio via PANAK, in pptv DMS_UCI : Dimethylsulfide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethane_UCI : Ethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethanol_PANAK : Ethanol mixing ratio, in pptv ethene_UCI : Ethene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethylbenzene_UCI: Ethylbenzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv EtCl_UCI : Ethyl chloride mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X3.ethyltoluene_UCI: 3-ethyltoluene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X4.ethyltoluene_UCI: 4-ethyltoluene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethyne_UCI : Ethyne mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv EtONO2_UCI : Ethyl Nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H1211_UCI : Bromochlorodifluoromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H1301_UCI : Bromotrifluoromethane mixing ration via UCIGC, in pptv H2402_UCI : Dibromotetrafluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H2O_DLH : Water vapor mixing ratio via laser hygrometer, in ppmv H2O_ICATS : Water vapor mixing ratio via ICATS, in ppmv H2O2_URI : Hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv H2O2_USNA : Hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio measured by USNA, in pptv HCHO_NCAR : Formaldehyde mixing ratio via DFG tunable diode laser, in pptv HCHO_URI : Formaldehyde mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv hcfc22_UCI : Chlorodifluoromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv hcfc141b_UCI : Dichlorofluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv hcfc142b_UCI : Chlorodifluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv HCl_CIMS : Hydrochloric acid mixing ratio via CIMS, in pptv HCN_PANAK : Hydrogen cyanide mixing ratio, in pptv n.heptane_UCI : n-heptane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.hexane_UCI : n-hexane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv hfc134a_UCI : 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv HNO3_TDLIF : Nitric acid mixing ratio via TDLIF, in pptv HNO3_SAGAMC : Nitric acid mixing ratio via mist chamber/ion chromatography, in pptv HO2_DIAL : Hydroperoxyl radical mixing ratio via DIAL, in pptv HO2NO2_TDLIF : Peroxynitric acid mixing ratio via TDLIF, in pptv isoprene_UCI : Isoprene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv MEK_PANAK : Methyl ethyl ketone mixing ratio, in pptv X3.methyl.2.BuONO2_UCI: 3-methyl-2-butylnitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.methylpentane_UCI: 2-methylpentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X3.methylpentane_UCI: 3-methylpentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv NO_GTLIF : Nitric oxide mixing ratio via GT Laser Induced Fluorescence, in pptv NO_GTLUM : Nitric oxide mixing ratio via GT Chemiluminescence, in pptv NO2_TDLIF : Nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio via TDLIF, in pptv NO2.unh_TDLIF : Unheated nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio via TDLIF, in pptv N2O_NASA : Nitrous oxide measured by NASA, in ppbv NPAH.580C_TDLIF : Nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio at 580 degrees celsius via TDLIF, in pptv O3_DIAL : Ozone mixing ratio via DIAL, in ppbv O3.column_DIAL : Ozone column thickness, in Dobson units OH_DIAL : Hydroxyl radical mixing ratio via DIAL, in pptv PAN_PANAK : peroxyacetyl nitrate mixing ratio, in pptv i.pentane_UCI : Isopentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.pentane_UCI : n-pentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.PeONO2_UCI : 2-pentylnitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X3.PeONO2_UCI : 3-pentylnitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv PNs_TDLIF : Total peroxacyl nitrates mixing ratio via TDLIF, in pptv i.PrONO2_UCI : Isopropyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.PrONO2_UCI : Propyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv propanal_PANAK : Propanal mixing ratio, in pptv propane_UCI : Propane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv propene_UCI : Propene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv i.propylbenzene_UCI: Isopropylbenzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.propylbenzene_UCI: Propylbenzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv SO2_CIMS : Sulfure dioxide mixing ratio via CIMS, in pptv X1.3.5.TMB_UCI : 1,3,5-trimethylborane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.2.4.TMB_UCI : 1,2,4-trimethylborane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv toluene_UCI : Toluene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv TGM_UNH : Total gaseous mercury mixing ratio measured at UNH, in ppqv m.xylene_UCI : 1,3-dimethylbenzene via UCIGC, in pptv o.xylene_UCI : 1,2-dimethylbenzene via UCIGC, in pptv p.xylene_UCI : 1,4-dimethylbenzene via UCIGC, in pptv J.CH3CHO_a : J-value for CH3CHO -> CH3 + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3CHO_b : J-value for CH3CHO -> CH4 + CO, in 1/s J.CH3CH2CH2CHO_a: J-value for CH3CH2CH2CHO + hv -> C3H7 + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3CH2CH2CHO_b: J-value for CH3CH2CH2CHO + hv -> C2H4 + CH2CHOH , in 1/s J.CH3CH2ONO2 : J-value for CH3CH2ONO2 + hv -> Products , in 1/s J.CH3COCH2CH3 : J-value for CH3COCH2CH3 + hv -> Products , in 1/s J.CH3COCH3 : J-value for CH3COCH3 , in 1/s J.CH3COCHO : J-value for CH3COCHO -> Products, in 1/s J.CHOCHO_a : J-value for CHOCHO -> Products, in 1/s J.CHOCHO_b : J-value for CHOCHO -> HCO + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3ONO2 : J-value for CH3ONO2 -> CH3O + NO2 , in 1/s J.CH3OOH : J-value for CH3OOH -> CH3O + OH , in 1/s J.C2H5CHO : J-value for C2H5CHO -> C2H5 + HCO , in 1/s J.HCHO_a : J-value for HCHO -> H + HCO , in 1/s J.HCHO_b : J-value for HCHO -> H2 + CO , in 1/s J.HNO2 : J-value for HNO2 -> OH + NO , in 1/s J.HNO3 : J-value for HNO3 -> OH + NO2 , in 1/s J.HO2NO2_a : J-value for HO2NO2 + hv -> HO2 + NO2 , in 1/s J.HO2NO2_b : J-value for HO2NO2 + hv -> OH + NO3 , in 1/s J.H2O2 : J-value for H2O2 -> 2OH , in 1/s J.NO2 : J-value for NO2 -> NO + O(3P) , in 1/s J.NO2_nadir : J-value for NO2 based on measurement by a downward-looking radiometer, in 1/s. [Total J-value for NO2 is JNO2(nadir) + JNO2(zenith)]. J.NO2_zenith : J-value for NO2 based on measurement by an upward-looking radiometer, in 1/s. [Total J-value for NO2 is JNO2(nadir) + JNO2(zenith)]. J.N2O5_a : J-value for N2O5 -> NO3 + NO + O(3P), in 1/s J.N2O5_b : J-value for N2O5 -> NO3 + NO2, in 1/s J.O3 : J-value for O3 -> O2 + O(1D) , in 1/s J.PAN : J-value for PAN + hv -> Products, in 1/s Be.7 : Beryllium-7 radionuclide , in radioactivity per unit volume (femto-curie per cubic meter, fCi/m^3 ) Pb.210 : Lead-210 radionuclide, in radioactivity per unit volume (femto-curie per cubic meter, fCi/m^3 ) Ca : Calcium mixing ratio, in pptv Cl : Chloride mixing ratio, in pptv C204 : Oxalate mixing ratio, in pptv K : Potassium mixing ratio, in pptv Mg : Magnesium mixing ratio, in pptv Na : Sodium mixing ratio, in pptv NH4 : Ammonium mixing ratio, in pptv NO3 : Nitrate mixing ratio, in pptv SO4 : Sulfate mixing ratio, in pptv SO4_fine : Fine sulfate aerosol mixing ratio, in pptv cloud.extinction: Cloud extinction, in 1/km cloud.index : Cloud index, unitless LWC_CAS.CIP : Cloud liquid water mass density derived by Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) wing probe (5-50 microns) , in grams per cubic meter nd_1.0um_2.0um : Number density of aerosols between 1.0 and 2.0 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_2um_5um : Number density of aerosols between 2 and 5 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_5um_20um : Number density of aerosols between 5 and 20 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_20um_50um : Number density of aerosols between 20 and 50 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_50um_1550um : Number density of aerosols between 50 and 1550 microns, in # per cubic centimeter sad_1.0um_2.0um : Surface area density of aerosols between 1.0 and 2.0 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_2um_5um : Surface area density of aerosols between 2 and 5 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_5um_20um : Surface area density of aerosols between 5 and 20 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_20um_50um : Surface area density of aerosols between 20 and 50 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_50um_1550um : Surface area density of aerosols between 50 and 1550 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_1.0um_2.0um : Volume density of aerosols between 1.0 and 2.0 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_2um_5um : Volume density of aerosols between 2 and 5 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_5um_20um : Volume density of aerosols between 5 and 20 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_20um_50um : Volume density of aerosols between 20 and 50 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_50um_1550um : Volume density of aerosols between 50 and 1550 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter nm470_abs_tot : Aerosol absorption coefficients at 470nm, in Mm-1 nm530_abs_tot : Aerosol absorption coefficients at 530nm, in Mm-1 nm660_abs_tot : Aerosol absorption coefficients at 660nm, in Mm-1 nm450_scat_tot : Aerosol scattering coefficients at 450nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_tot : Aerosol scattering coefficients at 550nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_tot_60s: Aerosol scattering coefficients at 550nm over 60 s, in Mm-1 nm700_scat_tot : Aerosol scattering coefficients at 700nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_sub : Submicron aerosol scattering coefficients at 550nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_sub_dry: Submicron aerosol scattering coefficient at 550 nm measured with TSI nephelometer without humidifier, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_sub_wet: Submicron aerosol scattering coefficient at 550 nm measured with TSI nephelometer with humidifier, in Mm-1 SSA : Single-scattering albedo of aerosols measured by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura satellite APSintNtot : Aerosol concentration integrated over number via APS, in molecules/cm3 APSintAtot : Aerosol concentration integrated over area via APS, in um2/cm2 APSintVtot : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume via APS, in um3/cm3 rh.bkgrd_APS : Background relative humidity of APS instrument, in % DMAintNunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via DMA, in molecules/cm3 DMAintAunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via DMA, in um2/cm2 DMAintVunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via DMA, in um3/cm3 DMAintN150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via DMA, in molecules/cm3 DMAintA150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via DMA, um2/cm2 DMAintV150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via DMA, in um3/cm3 DMAintN300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via DMA, in molecules/cm3 DMAintA300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via DMA, in um2/cm2 DMAintV300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via DMA, in um3/cm3 LDMAintNunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via LDMA, in molecules/cm3 LDMAintAunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via LDMA, in um2/cm2 LDMAintVunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via LDMA, in um3/cm3 OPCintNunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintNunh_sub : Submicron Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintNunh_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintAunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintAunh_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintAunh_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintVunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintVunh_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintVunh_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintN150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN150C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN150C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintA150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA150C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA150C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintV150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV150C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV150C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintN300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number,heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN300C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN300C-sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintA300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA300C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA300C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintV300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV300C_sub : Submicron Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV300C_sup : Supermicron Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintN400C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN400C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN400C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintA400C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA400C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA400C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintV400C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV400C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV400C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 rh.bkgrd_OPC : Background relative humidity for the OPC instrument, in % rh.bkgrd_TSIa : Background relative humidity for the TSIa instrument, in % unh_rh : Relative humidity , unheated and unhumidified, from Radiance Research M903 Nephelometer. Unheated/Unhumidified. Reported at 10 second intervals, in %. dry_rh : Relative humidity from Radiance Research M903 Nephelometer, heated to reduce relative humidity, in % wet_rh : Relative humidity from Radiance Research M903 Nephelometer, with a to humidifier installed upstream to maintain a relative humidity of 80%. In %. rh.bkgrd_TSIb : Background relative humidity for the TSIb instrument, in % rh_amb : ambient relative humidity, in % gamma : The relative humidity and scattering in the heated and humidified nephelometers were used in a 2 point fit to parameterize the sensitivity of scattering to relative humidity using the formula: gamma = ln(nm_540_scat_tot_wet/nm_540_scat_tot_dry)/ln((100-dry_rh)/(100-wet_rh)). Note that this function is a crude approximation of the real relationship between scattering and humidity--this simplified approach is required by the time and space limitations of aircraft sampling. The sensitivity exponent gamma is reported only when nm_540_scat_tot_dry exceeded 5/Mm. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data is unitless. gamma_sub : When the Radiance Research nephelometers were sampling submicron aerosol, gamma is reported as gamma_sub. Formula: ln(nm_540_scat_sub_wet/nm_540_scat_sub_dry)/ln((100-dry_rh)/(100-wet_rh)). Data is unitless. scat_amb : Ambient scattering, in 1/Mm frh : No units. Sensitivity of scattering, f(RH=85), is the ratio of scattering between relative humidity of 85% and a "dry" humidity (often taken to be 40%). frh reported here is calculated from gamma. frh_sub : No units. Sensitivity of scattering, f(RH=85), is the ratio of scattering between relative humidity of 85% and a "dry" humidity (often taken to be 40%). frh reported here is calculated from gamma_sub (sampling of submicron aerosols). MCMA.Municipalities: List of municipalities sampled, from 1-57, as listed below: 1 => ZUMPANGO (MEX) 2 => HUEHUETOCA (MEX) 3 => COYOTEPEC (MEX) 4 => TECAMAC (MEX) 5 => TEOLOYUCAN (MEX) 6 => TEPOTZOTLAN (MEX) 7 => SAN MARTIN DE LAS 8 => NEXTLALPAN (MEX) 9 => JALTENCO (MEX) PIRAMIDES (MEX) 10 => TEOTIHUACAN (MEX) 11 => MELCHOR OCAMPO 12 => CUAUTITLAN (MEX) (MEX) 13 => CUAUTITLAN 14 => NICOLAS ROMERO 15 => TULTEPEC (MEX) IZCALLI (MEX) (MEX) 16 => JALTENCO (MEX) 17 => TULTITLAN (MEX) 18 => ACOLMAN (MEX) 19 => TULTITLAN (MEX) 20 => COACALCO (MEX) 21 => ECATEPEC (MEX) 22 => ATIZAPAN DE 23 => TEZOYUCA (MEX) 24 => CHIAUTLA (MEX) ZARAGOZA (MEX) 25 => ATENCO (MEX) 26 => GUSTAVO A. MADERO 27 => TLALNEPANTLA (MEX) (D-F) 28 => PAPALOTLA (MEX) 29 => CHICONCUAC (MEX) 30 => TEXCOCO (MEX) 31 => TLALNEPANTLA 32 => NAUCALPAN (MEX) 33 => AZCAPOTZALCO (D-F) (MEX) 34 => NEZAHUALCOYOTL 35 => MIGUEL HIDALGO 36 => CHIMALHUACAN (MEX) (MEX) (D-F) 37 => CUAUHTEMOC (D-F) 38 => VENUSTIANO 39 => HUIXQUILUCAN (MEX) CARRANZA (D-F) 40 => CHICOLOAPAN (MEX) 41 => IXTAPALUCA (MEX) 42 => IZTACALCO (D-F) 43 => CUAJIMALPA DE 44 => BENITO JUAREZ 45 => ALVARO OBREGON (D-F) MORELOS (D-F) (D-F) 46 => IZTAPALAPA (D-F) 47 => LA PAZ 48 => COYOACAN (D-F) 49 => MAGDALENA 50 => VALLE DE CHALCO 51 => TLAHUAC (D-F) CONTRERAS (MEX) 52 => CHALCO (MEX) 53 => XOCHIMILCO (D-F) 54 => TLALPAN (D-F) 55 => MILPA ALTA (D-F) 56 => TEMAMATLA (MEX) 57 => TENANGO DEL AIRE (MEX) MCMA.Range : Range in meters from MCATC radar at (19.44, -99.082) T0.Range : Range in meters from radar located at (19.491, -99.147) T0.box : Region defined by latitudes (19.441, 19.541) and longitudes (-99.197, -99.097) encompassing T0 urban supersite located at the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo T1.Range : Range in meters of flight from radar located at (19.703, -98.982) T1.fltleg : Latitudes and longitudes of T1 flight. Latitudes are (19.872, 19.800, 19.584, 19.656), longitudes are (-99.500, -98.550, -98.464, -99.414) T2.Range : Range in meters of flight from radar located at (20.010, -98.909) T2.fltleg : Latitudes and longitudes of T2 flight. Latitudes are (20.005, 19.800, 20.035, 20.240), longitudes are (-99.400, -98.400, -98.418, -99.148) tula.Range : Range in meters from radar located at (20.042, -99.275) tula.box : Region definited by latitudes (19.942, 20.342) and longitudes (-99.375, -99.175) encompassing the town of Tula, MX. This town in Hidalgo is about 50km north of Mexico City and will be the site of a new oil refinery for Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), which begins construction in 2009 and will increase the supply of oil to Mexico City. popo.range : Range in meters from Popocatepetl (19.02, -98.620) popo.box : Region defined by latitudes (19.070, 18.970) and longitudes (-98.570, -98.670) encompassing the Popocatepetl Volcano. This active volcano is the second largest peak in Mexico and is located 70km southeast of Mexico City. MISSING VALUES -------------- For files in .RData format, missing values are represented by "NA". For files in .csv format, missing values are represented by "NaN"