-------------------------------------------------------------------- Readme file to accompany INTEX-B 2006 C130 flask data v5 20081216 -------------------------------------------------------------------- TERMS AND CONDITIONS (Adapted from NOAA and NACP data policy) ------------------------------------------------------------ Use of these data in any part implies an agreement on the part of the user that individuals and/or institutions responsible for contributing to data sets used must be specifically cited in addition to a general citation of the NACP greenhouse gas database. The INTEX-B 2006 aircraft flask data set citation information: Please acknowledge contributions from the PIs listed below (under Project Purpose & Description) Please contact James Crawford (james.h.crawford@nasa.gov , 757-864-7231) and Michael Craig (michael.s.craig@nasa.gov, INTEX-NA Project Manager) for additional citation information. Refer to the INTEX-B web site "http://www.espo.nasa.gov/intex-b/" for more information. Original data sets are available from: "http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/intex-b/dataaccess.htm" Accompanying data set is compiled from these merged UCIGC data sets: mrgUCIGC_c130_20060304_R5_thru20060331.ict mrgUCIGC_c130_20060417_R5_thru20060515.ict NACP investigators will include an acknowledgement in each publication or presentation arising from participation in NACP. The wording shall be similar to the following: "This study was part of the North American Carbon Program." Data providers and funding agencies may request additional acknowledgements. Upon publication of results, investigators should send the NACP Office an electronic copy of the publication. USE OF DATA These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to a greater understanding and new scientific insights. The availability of these data does not constitute publication of the data. We rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to assure that the source(s) receive fair credit for their work. If the data are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, the source(s) should be informed at the outset of the nature of this work. If the source's data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on their data, co-authorship may be appropriate. This should be discussed at an early stage in the work. Manuscripts using the source's data should be sent to the source(s) for review before they are submitted for publication so we can ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately represented. RECIPROCITY AGREEMENT Use of these data implies an agreement to reciprocate. Laboratories making similar measurements agree to make their own data available to the general public and to the scientific community in an equally complete and easily accessible form. Modelers are encouraged to make available to the community, upon request, their own tools used in the interpretation of the source data, namely well documented model code, transport fields, and additional information necessary for other scientists to repeat the work and to run modified versions. Model availability includes collaborative support for new users of the models. INTEX-B 2006 PROJECT PURPOSE & DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------------ The PIs for the project are as follows. Please acknowledge their contributions (as stated in the Terms and Conditions section above). Ali A. Aknan, NASA Langley Research Center, a.a.aknan@larc.nasa.gov Eric C. Apel, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, apel@ucar.edu Donald R. Blake, University of California, Irvine, drblake@uci.edu Peter R. Buseck, Arizona State University, pbuseck@asu.edu Teresa Campos, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, campos@ucar.edu Christopher A. Cantrell, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, cantrell@ucar.edu Anthony D. Clarke, University of Hawaii, tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu Don Collins, Texas A&M University, dcollins@tamu.edu Louisa K. Emmons, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, emmons@ucar.edu Frank M. Flocke, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, ffl@ucar.edu John S. Holloway, NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, john.s.holloway@noaa.gov Jose-Luis Jimenez, Unversity of Colorado at Boulder, jose.jimenez@colorado.edu Thomas Karl, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, tomkarl@ucar.edu Greg L. Kok, Droplet Measurement Technologies, glkok@dropletmeasurement.com Lee Mauldin, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, mauldin@ucar.edu Daniel McKenna, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, danny@ucar.edu Greg C. Roberts, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, gcroberts@ucsd.edu Pavel Romashkin, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, pavel@ucar.edu Lynn M. Russell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, lmrussell@ucsd.edu Richard E. Shetter, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, shetter@ucar.edu Rodney J. Weber, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, rweber@eas.gatech.edu Petter Weibring, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, weibring@ucar.edu Andrew J. Weinheimer, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, wein@ucar.edu Paul O. Wennberg, California Institute of Technology, wennberg@gps.caltech.edu I. Introduction A central component of NASA's grand vision in Earth Sciences is to understand how the Earth's atmosphere is changing and the consequences of this change. INTEX-NA is an integrated atmospheric field experiment consisting of two phases. Phase A (INTEX-A) occured in the summer of 2004 over the central and eastern United States; Phase B (INTEX-B) occurred in the spring of 2006 over the west coast, in Mexico City, and out in the pacific region toward Asia. The INTEX-NA mission seeks to answer questions about the transport and transformation of gases and aerosols on transcontinental/intercontinental scales and their impact on air quality and climate. The main constituents of interest are ozone and precursors, aerosols and precursors, and the long-lived greenhouse gases. A particular focus of this study is to quantify and characterize the inflow and outflow of pollution over North America and its transformation during transport to distant continents. Over 10 weeks in the spring of 2006, NASA's INTEX-B program focused primarily on pollution outflow, both from Mexico City and Asia. In March, data collection took place in the Mexico City area, while Asian pollution observations occured in the second phase of INTEX-B, during April and May. The INTEX-B mission is sponsored by the Tropospheric Chemistry Program at NASA headquarters, as well as the NSF-led MIRAGE-MEX and the German/DLR-led IMPACT. II. Mission Description and Science Objectives The platform for the spring 2006 INTEX-B mission involved two principal aircraft, the NASA DC-8 high-altitude aircraft and the NSF/NCAR C-130 low-flying aircraft. Each airborne platform was available for approximately 180 flight hours and was equipped with a comprehensive suite of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation to provide a comprehensive suite of chemical, physical, and optical measurements involving gases and aerosols. The NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 platforms were complemented by other aircraft, including the NASA J-31, NASA B-200, and DLR Falcon-20. Additionally, several satellites (Terra, Aqua, Aura, Envistat) made atmospheric measurements from space. A primary goal of the INTEX-B program is the validation of these satellite observations, as the ability to relate space-based observations with those from airborne and surface platforms is central to achieving INTEX-B objectives. The NASA DC-8 was operated from bases in Houston, TX, Hilo, HI, and Anchorage, AK, while the NSF/NCAR C-130 was operated from Tampico, Mexico, and Seattle, WA. Meteorological and chemical forecasts, as well as satellite observations and surface networks, provided by a number of groups were the principal means for flight planning. Output from a number of models with varying resolution and capabilities was available for this purpose. These models played a critical role in the overall experiment and will also contribute to post-mission analysis of data. The principal science objectives of INTEX-B are to: -Quantify the transpacific transport and evolution of Asian pollution to North America and assess its implications for regional air quality and climate; -Quantify the outflow and evolution of gases and aerosols from the Mexico City Megaplex; -Investigate the transport of Asian and North American pollution to the eastern Atlantic and assess its implications for European air quality; -Validate and refine satellite observations of tropospheric composition; -Map emissions of trace gases and aerosols and relate atmospheric composition to sources and sinks. III. Methods Parameter Method PIs a. trace organic gases Trace Organic Gas Analyzer E. Apel, NCAR (TOGA) b. VOCs, CFCs Grab samples analyzed with D. Blake, UC Irvine gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry c. Aerosols: optical Transmission electron P. Buseck, Arizona State properties microscopy d. CO Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) T. Campos, NCAR fluorescence e. HO2, RO2, OH, H2SO4, Chemical Ionization Mass C. Cantrell, NCAR methanesulfonate (MSA) Spectrometry (CIMS) instrument L. Mauldin, NCAR as component of Eisele/Mouldin 4-channel instrument f. Aerosol absorption 3-wl Radiance Research A. Clarke, U Hawaii coefficients, size, Particle Soot Absorption D. Collins, Texas A&M concentration, scattering Photometer (PSAP), coefficients Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS, TSI 3321), TSI Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA and Tandem DMA), optical particle counter (OPC) calibrated with PSL spheres, nephelometer (TSI 3563) g. PANs, PiBN PAN CIGARette Thermal F. Flocke, NCAR Decomposition Chemical Ionization Spectrometer h. SO2 UV Pulsed Fluorescence J. Holloway, NOAA i. Aerosol chemical Aerodyne HR-ToF Aerosol J. Jimenez, U Colorado composition Mass Spectrometer (AMS) j. Acetic acid, acetone, Proton Transfer Reaction T. Karl, NCAR hydrocarbons, carbonyls, Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) k. Aerosol number and mass Single Particle Soot G. Kok, Droplet Measurement Technologies Photometer (SP-2) to distinguish non-incandescing and incandescing particles l.Latitude, longitude, roll, Honeywell YG1854 Inertial P. Romashkin, NCAR pitch, heading, ground speed, Reference System (IRS), Global L. Emmons, NCAR altitude, GPS measurements, Positioning System (GPS), for A. Aknan, NCAR rel. humidity, H2O vapor all other calculations see: pressure, dew/frost point "http://www.eol.ucar.edu/raf/ temperature, shortwave/UV Bulletins/b9appdx_B.html" irradiance, potential temperature m. Cloud Condensation Nuclei Droplet Measurement G. Roberts, Scripps/UCSD (CCN) Technologies streamwise thermal gradient CCN instrument n. organic functional group Fourier Transform Infrared L. Russell, Scripps/UCSD composition of particles, (FITR), x-ray fluorescence, elemental concentrations scanning x-ray transmission of particles microscope o. Photolytic frequencies, Scanning actinic flux R. Shetter, NCAR J(O3), J(NO2), J(N2O5), spectroradiometer with photo J(H2O2), J(HNO2), J(HNO3), multiplier tube (PMT) detector J(CH2O), J(CH3CHO), J(C2H5CHO), J(CHOCHO), J(CH3COCHO), J(CH3COCH3), J(CH3OOH), J(CH3ONO2), J(PAN), J(CH3CH2CH2CHO), J(HO2NO2), J(CH3CH2ONO2) p. Bulk aerosol ionic Particle into Liquid Sampling R. Weber, GIT-EAS composition (PILS) coupled to ion chromatographs, PILS coupled with Sievers Total Organic Carbon instrument q. Formaldehyde Difference frequency generation P. Weibring, NCAR (DFG) tunable diode laser r. NO, NO2, NOy, O3 NOxy and O3 A. Weinheimer, NCAR s. Acetic acid, formic acid, Chemical Ionization Mass P. Wennberg, Cal Tech H2O2, HCN, HNO3, mixed-base Spectrometry (CIMS)-direct hydrogen peroxide (MHP), measurements in ambient air polyacrylic acid (PAA), propanoic acid, SO2 VARIABLE NAMES -------------- YYYYMMDD : Year, month, and day of sampling doy : Absolute day of year UTC : Coordinated Universal Time, in seconds from midnight time.open : Total time flask was open, in s flt.num : Flight number latitude : Latitude, in degrees longitude : Longitude, in degrees gps.altitude : GPS altitude, in meters press.altitude : Pressure altitude, in meters rad.altitude : Radar altitude, in meters roll : Aircraft roll angle, in degrees pitch : Aircraft pitch angle, in degrees heading : Aircraft heading angle, in degrees track : Aircraft track angle, in degrees sza.deg : Solar Zenith Angle, in degrees counter_TSI : TSI Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter_CPC : CPC Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.hot_CPC : CPC Condensation Nuclei Count when air is heated to 300C, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.ultrafine_CPC: CPC Ultrafine Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter_CCN : Condensation Nuclei Count with DMT streamwise thermal gradient instrument, in particles per cubic centimeter SSC_CCN : Condensation Nuclei Count with DMT streamwise thermal gradient instrument, in % airT.C : Air temperature, in celsius THETA : Potential temperature, in Kelvin THETAe : Equivalent potential temperature, in Kelvin rad.surf.temp : Radiometric surface temperature, in celsius rad.sc.base.temp: Radiometric sky/cloud-base temperature, in celsius dew.point : Dew point temperature, in celsius dew.frost.point_ftop: Dew/frost point temperature from fuselage top, in celsius dew.frost.point_fbot: Dew/frost point temperature from fuselage bottom, in celsius dew.frost.point_TEtop: Dew/frost point temperature from thermoelectric instrument top, in celsius dew.frost.point_TEbot: Dew/frost point temperature from thermoelectric instrument bottom, in celsius rel.humid : Relative humidity, in % rel.humid_TSI : TSI Relative humidity, in % abs.humid_TEtop : Absolute humidity from thermoelectric instrument top, in grams per cubic meter static.press : static pressure, in mbar cabin.press : cabin pressure, in mbar dynamic.press : dynamic pressure, in mbar vap.press.H2O : Vapor pressure of water with liquid phase, in mbar ground.speed : Aircraft ground speed, in m/s ground.speed.east: GPS ground speed vector eastern component, in m/s ground.speed.north: GPS ground speed vector northern component, in m/s air.speed : Aircraft air speed, in m/s wind.m : Horizontal wind speed, in m/s wind.d : Horizontal wind direction, in degrees wind.east : GPS corrected wind vector eastern component, in m/s wind.north : GPS corrected wind vector northern component, in m/s vert.gust.speed : GPS corrected wind vector vertical gust component, in m/s mach.squared : Aircraft mach number squared shortwave.ir.top: Shortwave irradiance from top, in Watts per square meter shortwave.ir.bot: Shortwave irradiance from bottom, in Watts per square meter uv.ir.top : Ultraviolet irradiance from top, in Watts per square meter uv.ir.bot : Ultraviolet irradiance from bottom, in Watts per square meter APAN_CIGAR : Acrolein-peroxyacrylic nitric anhydride mixing ratio, in pptv benzene_PTRMS : Benzene mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv benzene_TOGA : Benzene mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv benzene_UCI : Benzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv C8.benzenes_PTRMS: C8 benzene mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv C9.benzenes_PTRMS: C9 benzene mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv X1.3.butadiene_UCI: 1-3-butadiene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv butanal_TOGA : Butanal mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv n.butane_TOGA : n-butane mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv n.butane_UCI : n-butane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv i.butane_TOGA : Isobutane mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv i.butane_UCI : Isobutane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.butene_UCI : 1-butene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cis.2.butene_UCI: Cis-2-butene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv trans.2.butene_UCI: Trans-2-butene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.BuONO2_UCI : 2-butylnitrate (organic nitrate) mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv C4.carbonyls_PTRMS: C4 carbonyl mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv C6.carbonyls_PTRMS: C6 carbonyl mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv CCl4_TOGA : CCl4 mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CCl4_UCI : CCl4 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv C2Cl4_UCI : C2Cl4 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc11_UCI : Cfc11 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc113_UCI : Cfc113 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc114_UCI : Cfc114 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv cfc12_UCI : Cfc112 mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHBrCl2_UCI : Bromodichloromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHBr2Cl_UCI : Dibromochloromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHBr3_UCI : Bromoform mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CHCl3_TOGA : Chloroform mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CHCl3_UCI : Chloroform mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv C2HCl3_UCI : Trichloroethylene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH2Br2_UCI : Dibromomethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH2Cl2_TOGA : Dichloromethane mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CH2Cl2_UCI : Dichloromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3Br_TOGA : Methyl bromide mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CH3Br_UCI : Methyl bromide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3Cl_TOGA : Methyl chloride mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CH3CH0_PTRMS : Acetone mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv CH3CHO_TOGA : Acetone mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CH3CN_PTRMS : Acetonitrile mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv CH3CN_TOGA : Acetonitrile mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv CH3COOH_CIT : Acetic acid mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv CH3COOH_PTRMS : Acetic acid mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv CH3I_UCI : Methyl iodide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH3OH_PTRMS : Methanol mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv CH3OH_TOGA : Methanol mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv CH3ONO2_UCI : Methyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CH4_UCI : Methane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in ppbv CO_VUV : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio via VUV, in ppbv CO_UCI : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in ppbv COS_UCI : Carbonyl sulfide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv CS2_UCI : Carbon disulfide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.2.DCE_UCI : 1-2-dichloroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv DMK_TOGA : Dimethylketene mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv DMK.propanal_PTRMS: Dimethylketene and propanal mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv DMS_TOGA : Dimethylsulfide mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv DMS_UCI : Dimethylsulfide mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethane_UCI : Ethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethanol_TOGA : Ethanol mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv ethene_UCI : Ethene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethylbenzene_TOGA: Ethylbenzene mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv ethylbenzene_UCI: Ethylbenzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv ethylchloride_UCI: Ethylchloride mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X3.ethyltoluene_UCI: 3-ethyltoluene via UCIGC, in pptv X4.ethyltoluene_UCI: 4-ethyltoluene via UCIGC, in pptv ethyne_UCI : Ethyne via UCIGC, in pptv EtONO2_UCI : Ethyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H1211_UCI : Bromochlorodifluoromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H1301_UCI : Bromotrifluoromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H2402_UCI : Dibromotetrafluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv H2O_TE : Mixing ratio of water vapor via thermoelectric, in ppmv H2O2_CIT : Hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv H2O2.bkgrd_CIT : CIT instrument background hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio, in pptv H2SO4_CIMS : Sulfuric acid number density via CIMS, in molecules per cubic centimeter HCHO_NCAR : Formaldehyde mixing ratio via DFG tunable diode laser, in pptv hcfc22_UCI : Chlorodifluoromethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv hcfc141b_UCI : Dichlorofluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv hcfc142b_UCI : Chlorodifluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv HCN_CIT : Hydrogen cyanide mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv HCN.bkgrd_CIT : CIT intrument background hydrogen cyanide mixing ratio, in pptv HCOOH_CIT : Formic acid mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv n.heptane_UCI : n-heptane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv hexanal_TOGA : Hexanal mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.hexane_UCI : n-hexane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.hexanone_TOGA: 2-hexanone mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv X3.hexanone_TOGA: 3-hexanone mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv hfc134a_UCI : 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv HNO3_CIT : Nitric acid mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv HO2_CIMS : Hydroperoxyl mixing ratio via CIMS, in pptv HO2.RO2_CIMS : Hydroperoxyl and organic peroxyl mixing ratio via CIMS, in pptv hydroxyacetone_PTRMS: Hydroxyacetone mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv isoprene_TOGA : Isoprene mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv isoprene_UCI : Isoprene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv MEK-TOGA : Methylethylketone mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv X3.methyl.2.BuONO2_UCI: 3-methyl-2-butylnitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.methylpentane_UCI: 2-methylpentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X3.methylpentane_UCI: 3-methylpentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv MHP_CIT : Mixed-base hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv MPAN_CIGAR : Peroxymethacryloyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv MoPAN_CIGAR : Methoxyperoxyacetyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv MSA_CIMS : Methane sulfonate number density via CIMS, in molecules per cubic centimeter MTBE_TOGA : Methyl tert-butyl ether mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv NO : Nitric oxide mixing ratio, in pptv NO2 : Nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio, in pptv NOy : Oxides of nitrogen mixing ratio, in pptv O3 : Ozone mixing ratio, in ppbv O3.column : Ozone column thickness, in Dobson units OH_CIMS : Organic hydroxyl number density via CIMS, in molecules per cubic centimeter PAA_CIT : Polyacrylic acid mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv PAN_CIGAR : Peroxyacetyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv pentanal_TOGA : Pentanal mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv i.pentane_TOGA : Isopentane mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv i.pentane_UCI : Isopentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.pentane_TOGA : n-pentane mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv n.pentane_UCI : n-pentane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X2.pentanone_TOGA: 2-pentanone mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv X3.pentanone_TOGA: 3-pentanone mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv X2.PeONO2_UCI : 2-pentylnitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X3.PeONO2_UCI : 3-pentylnitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv PiBN_CIGAR : Peroxyisobutyric nitric anhydride mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv PPN_CIGAR : Peroxypropionoyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv i.PrONO2_UCI : Isopropyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.PrONO2_UCI : Propyl nitrate mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv propanal_TOGA : Propanal mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv propane_UCI : Propane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv propanoic.acid_CIT: Propanoic acid mixing ratio via CIT, in pptv propene_UCI : Propene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv i.propylbenzene_UCI: Isopropylbenzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv n.propylbenzene_UCI: Propylbenzene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv SO2_CIT : Sulfur dioxide mixing ratio via CIT, in ppbv SO2_NOAA : Sulfur dioxide mixing ratio by NOAA, in ppbv X1.1.1.TCE_TOGA : 1,1,1-trichloroethane mixing ratio via TOGA, in pptv X1.3.5.TMB_UCI : 1,3,5-trimethylborane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv X1.2.4.TMB_UCI : 1,2,4-trimethylborane mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv Toluene_PTRMS : Toluene mixing ratio via PTR-MS, in ppbv Toluene_TOGA : Toluene mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv Toluene_UCI : Toluene mixing ratio via UCIGC, in pptv m.p.xylene_TOGA : 1,3- and 1,4-dimethylbenzene mixing ratio via TOGA, in ppbv m.xylene_UCI : 1,3-dimethylbenzene via UCIGC, in pptv o.xylene_TOGA : 1,2-dimethylbenzene via TOGA, in ppbv o.xylene_UCI : 1,2-dimethylbenzene via UCIGC, in pptv p.xylene_UCI : 1,4-dimethylbenzene via UCIGC, in pptv J.CH3CHO_a : J-value for CH3CHO -> CH3 + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3CHO_b : J-value for CH3CHO -> CH4 + CO, in 1/s J.CH3CH2CH2CHO_a: J-value for CH3CH2CH2CHO + hv -> C3H7 + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3CH2CH2CHO_b: J-value for CH3CH2CH2CHO + hv -> C2H4 + CH2CHOH , in 1/s J.CH3CH2ONO2 : J-value for CH3CH2ONO2 + hv -> Products , in 1/s J.CH3COCH2CH3 : J-value for CH3COCH2CH3 + hv -> Products , in 1/s J.CH3COCH3 : J-value for CH3COCH3 , in 1/s J.CH3COCHO : J-value for CH3COCHO -> Products, in 1/s J.CHOCHO_a : J-value for CHOCHO -> Products, in 1/s J.CHOCHO_b : J-value for CHOCHO -> HCO + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3ONO2 : J-value for CH3ONO2 -> CH3O + NO2 , in 1/s J.CH3OOH : J-value for CH3OOH -> CH3O + OH , in 1/s J.C2H5CHO : J-value for C2H5CHO -> C2H5 + HCO , in 1/s J.HCHO_a : J-value for HCHO -> H + HCO , in 1/s J.HCHO_b : J-value for HCHO -> H2 + CO , in 1/s J.HNO2 : J-value for HNO2 -> OH + NO , in 1/s J.HNO3 : J-value for HNO3 -> OH + NO2 , in 1/s J.HO2NO2_a : J-value for HO2NO2 + hv -> HO2 + NO2 , in 1/s J.HO2NO2_b : J-value for HO2NO2 + hv -> OH + NO3 , in 1/s J.H2O2 : J-value for H2O2 -> 2OH , in 1/s J.NO2 : J-value for NO2 -> NO + O(3P) , in 1/s J.N2O5_a : J-value for N2O5 -> NO3 + NO + O(3P), in 1/s J.N2O5_b : J-value for N2O5 -> NO3 + NO2, in 1/s J.O3 : J-value for O3 -> O2 + O(1D) , in 1/s J.PAN : J-value for PAN + hv -> Products, in 1/s aromatic_FTIR : All aromatic compound concentration via FTIR, in umol/m3 Ca_PILS : Calcium concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 carbonyl_FTIR : All carbonyl compound concentration via FTIR, in umol/m3 Cl_AMS : chloride concentration via AMS, in ug/m3 Cl_AMS.mf : Mass fraction concentrations of chloride (used due to difficulties with some chloride concentration measurements during Mexico City flights) via AMS, in ug/m3 Cl_PILS : Chloride concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 K_PILS : Potassium concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 Mg_PILS : Magnesium concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 Na_PILS : Sodium concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 NH4_AMS : Ammonium concentration via AMS, in ug/m3 NH4_AMS.mf : Mass fraction concentrations of ammonium (used due to difficulties with some ammonium concentration measurements during Mexico City flights) via AMS, in ug/m3 NH4_PILS : Ammonium concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 NO3_AMS : Nitrate concentration via AMS, in ug/m3 NO3_AMS.mf : Mass fraction concentrations of nitrate (used due to difficulties with some nitrate concentration measurements during Mexico City flights) via AMS, in ug/m3 NO3_PILS : Nitrate concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 org_AMS : All organic compound concentration via AMS, in ug/m3 org_AMS.mf : Mass fraction concentrations of all organics (used due to difficulties with some organic concentration measurements during Mexico City flights) via AMS, in ug/m3 org_FITR : Organic carbon matter concentration via FITR, in ug/m3 orgOH_FITR : Organic hydroxyl functional group composition of submicron particles-concentration via FITR, in umol/m3 s.aliphatic_FTIR: Saturated aliphatic functional group composition of submicron particles-concentration via FTIR, in umol/m3 SO4_AMS : Sulfate concentration via AMS, in ug/m3 SO4_AMS.mf : Mass fraction concentrations of sulfate (used due to difficulties with some sulfate concentration measurements during Mexico City flights) via AMS, in ug/m3 SO4_PILS : Sulfate concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 us.aliphatic_FTIR: Unsaturated aliphatic functional group composition of submicron particles-concentration via FITR, in umol/m3 WSOC_PILS : Water-soluable organic carbon concentration via PILS, in ug/m3 APSintNtot : Aerosol concentration integrated over number via APS, in molecules/cm3 APSintAtot : Aerosol concentration integrated over area via APS, in um2/cm2 APSintVtot : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume via APS, in um3/cm3 rel.humid.bkgrd_APS: Background relative humidity of APS instrument, in % DMAintNunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via DMA, in molecules/cm3 DMAintAunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via DMA, in um2/cm2 DMAintVunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via DMA, in um3/cm3 DMAintN150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via DMA, in molecules/cm3 DMAintA150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via DMA, um2/cm2 DMAintV150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via DMA, in um3/cm3 DMAintN300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via DMA, in molecules/cm3 DMAintA300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via DMA, in um2/cm2 DMAintV300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via DMA, in um3/cm3 OPCintNunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintNunh_sub : Submicron Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintNunh_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintAunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintAunh_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintAunh_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintVunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintVunh_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintVunh_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintN150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN150C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN150C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintA150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA150C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA150C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintV150C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV150C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV150C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 150 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintN300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over number,heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN300C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN300C-sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over number, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintA300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA300C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA300C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintV300C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV300C_sub : Submicron Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV300C_sup : Supermicron Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 300 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintN400C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN400C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintN400C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in molecules/cm3 OPCintA400C : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA400C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintA400C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over area, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um2/cm2 OPCintV400C : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV400C_sub : Submicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 OPCintV400C_sup : Supermicron aerosol concentration integrated over volume, heated to 400 degrees celsius, via OPC, in um3/cm3 rel.humid.bkgrd_OPC: Background relative humidity for the OPC instrument, in % TDMAintNunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over number, unheated, via TDMA, in molecules/cm3 TDMAintAunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over area, unheated, via TDMA, in um2/cm2 TDMAintVunh : Aerosol concentration integrated over volume, unheated, via TDMA, in um3/cm3 SP2incandN : Aerosol number concentration of incandescing particles via SP2, in molecules/cm3 SP2scatN : Aerosol number concentration of non-incandescing particles via SP2, in molecules/cm3 SP2incandM : Aerosol mass concentration of incandescing particles via SP2, in ng/m3 SP2scatM : Aerosol mass concentration of non-incandescing particles via SP2, in ng/m3 SSA : Single-scattering albedo of aerosols measured by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura satellite nm470_abs_tot : Aerosol absorption coefficients at 470nm, in Mm-1 nm530_abs_tot : Aerosol absorption coefficients at 530nm, in Mm-1 nm660_abs_tot : Aerosol absorption coefficients at 660nm, in Mm-1 nm450_scat_tot : Aerosol scattering coefficients at 450nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_sub : Submicron aerosol scattering coefficients at 550nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_tot : Aerosol scattering coefficients at 550nm, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_tot_60s: Aerosol scattering coefficients at 550nm over 60 s, in Mm-1 nm700_scat_tot : Aerosol scattering coefficients at 700nm, in Mm-1 For the following variables, MCMA refers to Mexico City Metropolitan Area MCMA_Closest : Distance of closest approach, in m MCMA_ClosestHeight: Height above ground during closest approach, in m MCMA_ClosestTime: Time of closest approach, in s MCMA_ExpRecent : Duration of most recent exposure, in s MCMA_ExpTot : Total exposure, in s MCMA_FirstHeight: Height above ground at end of final exposure, in m MCMA_FirstTime : Time at end of final exposure, in s MCMA_LastHeight : Height above ground at beginning of first exposure, in m MCMA_LastTime : Time at beginning of first exposure, in s MCMA.Municipalities: List of municipalities sampled, from 1-57, as listed below: 1 => ZUMPANGO (MEX) 2 => HUEHUETOCA (MEX) 3 => COYOTEPEC (MEX) 4 => TECAMAC (MEX) 5 => TEOLOYUCAN (MEX) 6 => TEPOTZOTLAN (MEX) 7 => SAN MARTIN DE LAS 8 => NEXTLALPAN (MEX) 9 => JALTENCO (MEX) PIRAMIDES (MEX) 10 => TEOTIHUACAN (MEX) 11 => MELCHOR OCAMPO 12 => CUAUTITLAN (MEX) (MEX) 13 => CUAUTITLAN 14 => NICOLAS ROMERO 15 => TULTEPEC (MEX) IZCALLI (MEX) (MEX) 16 => JALTENCO (MEX) 17 => TULTITLAN (MEX) 18 => ACOLMAN (MEX) 19 => TULTITLAN (MEX) 20 => COACALCO (MEX) 21 => ECATEPEC (MEX) 22 => ATIZAPAN DE 23 => TEZOYUCA (MEX) 24 => CHIAUTLA (MEX) ZARAGOZA (MEX) 25 => ATENCO (MEX) 26 => GUSTAVO A. MADERO 27 => TLALNEPANTLA (MEX) (D-F) 28 => PAPALOTLA (MEX) 29 => CHICONCUAC (MEX) 30 => TEXCOCO (MEX) 31 => TLALNEPANTLA 32 => NAUCALPAN (MEX) 33 => AZCAPOTZALCO (D-F) (MEX) 34 => NEZAHUALCOYOTL 35 => MIGUEL HIDALGO 36 => CHIMALHUACAN (MEX) (MEX) (D-F) 37 => CUAUHTEMOC (D-F) 38 => VENUSTIANO 39 => HUIXQUILUCAN (MEX) CARRANZA (D-F) 40 => CHICOLOAPAN (MEX) 41 => IXTAPALUCA (MEX) 42 => IZTACALCO (D-F) 43 => CUAJIMALPA DE 44 => BENITO JUAREZ 45 => ALVARO OBREGON (D-F) MORELOS (D-F) (D-F) 46 => IZTAPALAPA (D-F) 47 => LA PAZ 48 => COYOACAN (D-F) 49 => MAGDALENA 50 => VALLE DE CHALCO 51 => TLAHUAC (D-F) CONTRERAS (MEX) 52 => CHALCO (MEX) 53 => XOCHIMILCO (D-F) 54 => TLALPAN (D-F) 55 => MILPA ALTA (D-F) 56 => TEMAMATLA (MEX) 57 => TENANGO DEL AIRE (MEX) MCMA.Range : Range in meters from MCATC radar at (19.44, -99.082) MCMA_RecentClosest: Distance of closest approach during most recent exposure, in m MCMA_RecentClosestHeight: Height above ground at most recent closest approach, in m MCMA_RecentClosestTime: Time of most recent closest approach, in s MCMA_RecentFirstHeight: Height above ground at end of most recent exposure, in m MCMA_RecentFirstTime: Time at end of most recent exposure, in s MCMA_RecentLastHeight: Height above ground at beginning of most recent exposure, in m MCMA_RecentLastTime: Time at beginning of most recent exposure, in s popo.box : Region defined by latitudes (19.070, 18.970) and longitudes (-98.570, -98.670) encompassing the Popocatepetl Volcano. This active volcano is the second largest peak in ' Mexico and is located 70km southeast of Mexico City. popo_Closest : Distance of closest approach, in m popo_ClosestHeight: Height above ground during closest approach, in m popo_ClosestTime: Time at closest approach, in s popo_ExpTot : Total exposure, in s popo_FirstHeight: Height above ground at end of final exposure, in m popo_FirstTime : Time at end of final exposure, in s popo_LastHeight : Height above ground at beginning of first exposure, in m popo_LastTime : Time at beginning of first exposure, in s popo.range : Range in meters from Popocatepetl (19.02, -98.620) T0.box : Region defined by latitudes (19.441, 19.541) and longitudes (-99.197, -99.097) encompassing T0 urban supersite located at the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo T0.Range : Range in meters from radar located at (19.491, -99.147) T1.fltleg : Latitudes and longitudes of T1 flight. Latitudes are (19.872, 19.800, 19.584, 19.656), longitudes are (-99.500, -98.550, -98.464, -99.414) T1.Range : Range in meters of flight from radar located at (19.703, -98.982) T2.fltleg : Latitudes and longitudes of T2 flight. Latitudes are (20.005, 19.800, 20.035, 20.240), longitudes are (-99.400, -98.400, -98.418, -99.148) T2.Range : Range in meters of flight from radar located at (20.010, -98.909) tula.box : Region definited by latitudes (19.942, 20.342) and longitudes (-99.375, -99.175) encompassing the town of Tula, MX. This town in Hidalgo is about 50km north of Mexico City and will be the site of a new oil refinery for Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), which begins construction in 2009 and will increase the supply of oil to Mexico City. tula_Closest : Distance at closest approach, in m tula_ClosestHeight: Height above ground at closest approach, in m tula_ClosestTime: Time at closest approach, in s tula_ExpTot : Total exposure, in s tula_FirstHeight: Height above ground at end of final exposure, in m tula_FirstTime : Time at end of final exposure, in s tula_LastHeight : Height above ground at beginning of first exposure, in m tula_LastTime : Time at beginning of first exposure, in s tula.Range : Range in meters from radar located at (20.042, -99.275) MISSING VALUES -------------- For files in .RData format, missing values are represented by "NA". For files in .csv format, missing values are represented by "NaN"