-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Readme file to accompany INTEX-B 2006 C130 continuous data v5 20081216 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TERMS AND CONDITIONS (Adapted from NOAA and NACP data policy) ------------------------------------------------------------ Use of these data in any part implies an agreement on the part of the user that individuals and/or institutions responsible for contributing to data sets used must be specifically cited in addition to a general citation of the NACP greenhouse gas database. The INTEX-B 2006 C130 aircraft continuous data set citation information: Please acknowledge contributions from the PIs listed below (under Project Purpose & Description) Please contact James Crawford (james.h.crawford@nasa.gov , 757-864-7231) and Michael Craig (michael.s.craig@nasa.gov, INTEX-NA Project Manager) for additional citation information. Refer to the INTEX-B web site "http://www.espo.nasa.gov/intex-b/" for more information. Original data sets are available from: "http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/intex-b/dataaccess.htm" Accompanying data set is compiled from the 10-second "grand merge" data sets: mrg10_c130_20060304_R5_thru20060331.ict mrg10_c130_20060417_R5_thru20060515.ict NACP investigators will include an acknowledgement in each publication or presentation arising from participation in NACP. The wording shall be similar to the following: "This study was part of the North American Carbon Program." Data providers and funding agencies may request additional acknowledgements. Upon publication of results, investigators should send the NACP Office an electronic copy of the publication. USE OF DATA These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to a greater understanding and new scientific insights. The availability of these data does not constitute publication of the data. We rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to assure that the source(s) receive fair credit for their work. If the data are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, the source(s) should be informed at the outset of the nature of this work. If the source's data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on their data, co-authorship may be appropriate. This should be discussed at an early stage in the work. Manuscripts using the source's data should be sent to the source(s) for review before they are submitted for publication so we can ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately represented. RECIPROCITY AGREEMENT Use of these data implies an agreement to reciprocate. Laboratories making similar measurements agree to make their own data available to the general public and to the scientific community in an equally complete and easily accessible form. Modelers are encouraged to make available to the community, upon request, their own tools used in the interpretation of the source data, namely well documented model code, transport fields, and additional information necessary for other scientists to repeat the work and to run modified versions. Model availability includes collaborative support for new users of the models. INTEX-B 2006 PROJECT PURPOSE & DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------------ The PIs for the project are as follows. Please acknowledge their contributions (as stated in the Terms and Conditions section above). Ali A. Aknan, NASA Langley Research Center, a.a.aknan@larc.nasa.gov Eric C. Apel, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, apel@ucar.edu Donald R. Blake, University of California, Irvine, drblake@uci.edu Peter R. Buseck, Arizona State University, pbuseck@asu.edu Teresa Campos, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, campos@ucar.edu Christopher A. Cantrell, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, cantrell@ucar.edu Anthony D. Clarke, University of Hawaii, tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu Don Collins, Texas A&M University, dcollins@tamu.edu Louisa K. Emmons, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, emmons@ucar.edu Frank M. Flocke, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, ffl@ucar.edu John S. Holloway, NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, john.s.holloway@noaa.gov Jose-Luis Jimenez, Unversity of Colorado at Boulder, jose.jimenez@colorado.edu Thomas Karl, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, tomkarl@ucar.edu Greg L. Kok, Droplet Measurement Technologies, glkok@dropletmeasurement.com Lee Mauldin, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, mauldin@ucar.edu Daniel McKenna, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, danny@ucar.edu Greg C. Roberts, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, gcroberts@ucsd.edu Pavel Romashkin, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, pavel@ucar.edu Lynn M. Russell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, lmrussell@ucsd.edu Richard E. Shetter, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, shetter@ucar.edu Rodney J. Weber, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, rweber@eas.gatech.edu Petter Weibring, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, weibring@ucar.edu Andrew J. Weinheimer, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, wein@ucar.edu Paul O. Wennberg, California Institute of Technology, wennberg@gps.caltech.edu I. Introduction A central component of NASA's grand vision in Earth Sciences is to understand how the Earth's atmosphere is changing and the consequences of this change. INTEX-NA is an integrated atmospheric field experiment consisting of two phases. Phase A (INTEX-A) occured in the summer of 2004 over the central and eastern United States; Phase B (INTEX-B) occurred in the spring of 2006 over the west coast, in Mexico City, and out in the pacific region toward Asia. The INTEX-NA mission seeks to answer questions about the transport and transformation of gases and aerosols on transcontinental/intercontinental scales and their impact on air quality and climate. The main constituents of interest are ozone and precursors, aerosols and precursors, and the long-lived greenhouse gases. A particular focus of this study is to quantify and characterize the inflow and outflow of pollution over North America and its transformation during transport to distant continents. Over 10 weeks in the spring of 2006, NASA's INTEX-B program focused primarily on pollution outflow, both from Mexico City and Asia. In March, data collection took place in the Mexico City area, while Asian pollution observations occured in the second phase of INTEX-B, during April and May. The INTEX-B mission is sponsored by the Tropospheric Chemistry Program at NASA headquarters, as well as the NSF-led MIRAGE-MEX and the German/DLR-led IMPACT. II. Mission Description and Science Objectives The platform for the spring 2006 INTEX-B mission involved two principal aircraft, the NASA DC-8 high-altitude aircraft and the NSF/NCAR C-130 low-flying aircraft. Each airborne platform was available for approximately 180 flight hours and was equipped with a comprehensive suite of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation to provide a comprehensive suite of chemical, physical, and optical measurements involving gases and aerosols. The NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 platforms were complemented by other aircraft, including the NASA J-31, NASA B-200, and DLR Falcon-20. Additionally, several satellites (Terra, Aqua, Aura, Envistat) made atmospheric measurements from space. A primary goal of the INTEX-B program is the validation of these satellite observations, as the ability to relate space-based observations with those from airborne and surface platforms is central to achieving INTEX-B objectives. The NASA DC-8 was operated from bases in Houston, TX, Hilo, HI, and Anchorage, AK, while the NSF/NCAR C-130 was operated from Tampico, Mexico, and Seattle, WA. Meteorological and chemical forecasts, as well as satellite observations and surface networks, provided by a number of groups were the principal means for flight planning. Output from a number of models with varying resolution and capabilities was available for this purpose. These models played a critical role in the overall experiment and will also contribute to post-mission analysis of data. The principal science objectives of INTEX-B are to: -Quantify the transpacific transport and evolution of Asian pollution to North America and assess its implications for regional air quality and climate; -Quantify the outflow and evolution of gases and aerosols from the Mexico City Megaplex; -Investigate the transport of Asian and North American pollution to the eastern Atlantic and assess its implications for European air quality; -Validate and refine satellite observations of tropospheric composition; -Map emissions of trace gases and aerosols and relate atmospheric composition to sources and sinks. III. Methods Parameter Method PIs a. trace organic gases Trace Organic Gas Analyzer E. Apel, NCAR (TOGA) b. VOCs, CFCs Grab samples analyzed with D. Blake, UC Irvine gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry c. Aerosols: optical Transmission electron P. Buseck, Arizona State properties microscopy d. CO Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) T. Campos, NCAR fluorescence e. HO2, RO2, OH, H2SO4, Chemical Ionization Mass C. Cantrell, NCAR methanesulfonate (MSA) Spectrometry (CIMS) instrument L. Mauldin, NCAR as component of Eisele/Mouldin 4-channel instrument f. Aerosol absorption 3-wl Radiance Research A. Clarke, U Hawaii coefficients, size, Particle Soot Absorption D. Collins, Texas A&M concentration, scattering Photometer (PSAP), coefficients Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS TSI 3321), TSI Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA and Tandem DMA), optical particle counter (OPC) calibrated with PSL spheres, nephelometer (TSI 3563) g. PANs, PiBN PAN CIGARette Thermal F. Flocke, NCAR Decomposition Chemical Ionization Spectrometer h. SO2 UV Pulsed Fluorescence J. Holloway, NOAA i. Aerosol chemical Aerodyne HR-ToF Aerosol J. Jimenez, U Colorado composition Mass Spectrometer (AMS) j. Acetic acid, acetone, Proton Transfer Reaction T. Karl, NCAR hydrocarbons, carbonyls, Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) k. Aerosol number and mass Single Particle Soot G. Kok, Droplet Measurement Technologies Photometer (SP-2) to distinguish non-incandescing and incandescing particles l.Latitude, longitude, roll, Honeywell YG1854 Inertial P. Romashkin, NCAR pitch, heading, ground speed, Reference System (IRS), Global L. Emmons, NCAR altitude, GPS measurements, Positioning System (GPS), for A. Aknan, NCAR rel. humidity, H2O vapor all other calculations see: pressure, dew/frost point "http://www.eol.ucar.edu/raf/ temperature, shortwave/UV Bulletins/b9appdx_B.html" irradiance, potential temperature m. Cloud Condensation Nuclei Droplet Measurement G. Roberts, Scripps/UCSD (CCN) Technologies streamwise thermal gradient CCN instrument n. organic functional group Fourier Transform Infrared L. Russell, Scripps/UCSD composition of particles, (FITR), x-ray fluorescence, elemental concentrations scanning x-ray transmission of particles microscope o. Photolytic frequencies, Scanning actinic flux R. Shetter, NCAR J(O3), J(NO2), J(N2O5), spectroradiometer with photo J(H2O2), J(HNO2), J(HNO3), multiplier tube (PMT) detector J(CH2O), J(CH3CHO), J(C2H5CHO), J(CHOCHO), J(CH3COCHO), J(CH3COCH3), J(CH3OOH), J(CH3ONO2), J(PAN), J(CH3CH2CH2CHO), J(HO2NO2), J(CH3CH2ONO2) p. Bulk aerosol ionic Particle into Liquid Sampling R. Weber, GIT-EAS composition (PILS) coupled to ion chromatographs, PILS coupled with Sievers Total Organic Carbon instrument q. Formaldehyde Difference frequency generation P. Weibring, NCAR (DFG) tunable diode laser r. NO, NO2, NOy, O3 NOxy and O3 A. Weinheimer, NCAR s. Acetic acid, formic acid, Chemical Ionization Mass P. Wennberg, Cal Tech H2O2, HCN, HNO3, mixed-base Spectrometry (CIMS)-direct hydrogen peroxide (MHP) measurements in ambient air polyacrylic acid (PAA), propanoic acid, SO2 VARIABLE NAMES --------------- YYYYMMDD : Year, month, and day of sampling doy : Absolute day of year UTC : Coordinated Universal Time, in seconds from midnight flt.num : Flight number latitude : Latitude, in degrees longitude : Longitude, in degrees gps.altitude : GPS Altitude, in meters press.altitude : Pressure Altitude, in meters rad.altitude : Radar Altitude, in meters roll : Aircraft roll angle, in degrees pitch : Aircraft pitch angle, in degrees heading : Aircraft heading angle, in degrees track : Aircraft track angle, in degrees sza.deg : Solar Zenith Angle, in degrees counter_TSI : TSI Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter_CPC : CPC Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.hot_CPC`: CPC Condensation Nuclei Count when air is heated to 300C, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.ultrafine_CPC: CPC Ultrafine Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter airT.C : Air temperature, in celsius THETA : Potential temperature, in Kelvin THETAe : Equivalent potential temperature, in Kelvin rad.surf.temp : Radiometric surface temperature, in celsius rad.sc.base.temp: Radiometric sky/cloud-base temperature, in celsius dew.point : Dew point temperature, in celsius dew.frost.point_ftop: Dew/frost point temperature from fuselage top, in celsius dew.frost.point_fbot: Dew/frost point temperature from fuselage bottom, in celsius dew.frost.point_TEtop: Dew/frost point temperature from thermoelectric top, in celsius dew.frost.point_TEbot: Dew/frost point temperature from thermoelectric bottom, in celsius rel.humid : Relative humidity, in % abs.humid_TEtop : Absolute humidity from thermoelectric top, in grams per cubic meter static.press : Static pressure, in mbar cabin.press : Cabin pressure, in mbar dynamic.press : Dynamic pressure, in mbar vap.press.H2O : Vapor pressure of water with liquid phase, in mbar ground.speed : Aircraft ground speed, in m/s ground.speed.east: GPS ground speed vector eastern component, in m/s ground.speed.north: GPS ground speed vector northern component, in m/s air.speed : Aircraft air speed, in m/s wind.m : Horizontal wind speed, in m/s wind.d : Horizontal wind direction, in degrees wind.east : GPS corrected wind vector eastern component, in m/s wind.north : GPS corrected wind vector northern component, in m/s vert.gust.speed : GPS corrected wind vector vertical gust component, in m/s mach.squared : Aircraft mach number squared shortwave.ir.top: Shortwave irradiance from top, in Watts per square meter shortwave.ir.bot: Shortwave irradiance from bottom, in Watts per square meter uv.ir.top : Ultraviolet irradiance from top, in Watts per square meter uv.ir.bot : Ultraviolet irradiance from bottom, in Watts per square meter APAN_CIGAR : Acrolein-peroxyacrylic nitric anhydride mixing ratio, in pptv CO_VUV : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio via VUV fluorescence, in ppbv H2O_TE : H2O mixing ratio from thermoelectric, in ppmv MPAN_CIGAR : Peroxymethacryloyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv MoPAN_CIGAR : Methoxyperoxyacetyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv NO : Nitric oxide mixing ratio, in pptv NO2 : Nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio, in pptv NOy : Oxides of nitrogen mixing ratio, in pptv O3 : Ozone mixing ratio, in ppbv O3.column : Ozone column thickness, in Dobson units PAN-CIGAR : Peroxyacetyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv PiBN_CIGAR : Peroxyisobutyric nitric anhydride mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv PPN_CIGAR : Peroxypropionyl nitrate mixing ratio via CIGARette, in pptv SO2_NOAA : Sulfur dioxide mixing ratio recorded by NOAA, in ppbv MISSING VALUES -------------- For files in .RData format, missing values are represented by "NA". For files in .csv format, missing values are represented by "NaN"