------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Readme file to accompany INTEX-A 2004 continuous aircraft data v7 20081224 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TERMS AND CONDITIONS (Adapted from NOAA and NACP data policy) ------------------------------------------------------------ Use of these data in any part implies an agreement on the part of the user that individuals and/or institutions responsible for contributing to data sets used must be specifically cited in addition to a general citation of the NACP greenhouse gas database. The INTEX-A 2004 continuous aircraft citation information: Please acknowledge contributions from the PIs listed below (under Project Purpose & Description) Please contact James Crawford (james.h.crawford@nasa.gov , 757-864-7231) and Michael Craig (michael.s.craig@nasa.gov, INTEX-NA Project Manager) for additional citation information. Refer to the INTEX-A web site "http://www.espo.nasa.gov/intex-na/" for more information. Original data sets are available from: "http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/intexna/dataaccess.htm" Accompanying data set is compiled from the 10-second "grand merge" data set: mrg10_dc8_20040701_R7_all.ict NACP investigators will include an acknowledgement in each publication or presentation arising from participation in NACP. The wording shall be similar to the following: "This study was part of the North American Carbon Program." Data providers and funding agencies may request additional acknowledgements. Upon publication of results, investigators should send the NACP Office an electronic copy of the publication. USE OF DATA These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to a greater understanding and new scientific insights. The availability of these data does not constitute publication of the data. We rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to assure that the source(s) receive fair credit for their work. If the data are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, the source(s) should be informed at the outset of the nature of this work. If the source's data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on their data, co-authorship may be appropriate. This should be discussed at an early stage in the work. Manuscripts using the source's data should be sent to the source(s) for review before they are submitted for publication so we can ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately represented. RECIPROCITY AGREEMENT Use of these data implies an agreement to reciprocate. Laboratories making similar measurements agree to make their own data available to the general public and tothe scientific community in an equally complete and easily accessible form. Modelersare encouraged to make available to the community, upon request, their own tools used in the interpretation of the source data, namely well documented model code, transport fields, and additional information necessary for other scientists to repeat the work andto run modified versions. Model availability includes collaborative support for new users of the models. INTEX-A 2004 PROJECT PURPOSE & DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------------ The PIs for the project are as follows. Please acknowledge their contributions (as stated in the Terms and Conditions section above). Bruce E. Anderson, NASA Langley Research Center, b.e.anderson@larc.nasa.gov Melody A. Avery, NASA Langley Research Center, m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov John D. Barrick, NASA Langley Research Center, j.d.barrick@larc.nasa.gov Donald R. Blake, University of California, Irvine, drblake@uci.edu Edward V. Browell, NASA Langley Research Center, edward.v.browell@larc.nasa.gov William Brune, Penn State University, brune@essc.psu.edu Anthony D. Clarke, University of Hawaii, tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu Ronald C. Cohen, University of California, Berkeley, cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu Jack Dibb, University of New Hampshire, jack.dibb@unh.edu Glenn S. Diskin, NASA Langley Research Center, glenn.s.diskin@nasa.gov Alan Fried, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, fried@ucar.edu Brian G. Heikes, University of Rhode Island, bheikes@gso.uri.edu Greg Huey, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu Glen W. Sachse, NASA Langley Research Center, g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov Richard E. Shetter, The National Center for Atmospheric Research, shetter@ucar.edu Hanwant B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center, hsingh@mail.arc.nasa.gov David Tan, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, dtan@eas.gatech.edu Stephanie A. Vay, NASA Langley Research Center, s.a.vay@larc.nasa.gov Rodney Weber, Georgia Institute of Technology-School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, rweber@eas.gatech.edu Paul O. Wennberg, California Institute of Technology, wennberg@gps.caltech.edu I. Introduction A central component of NASA's grand vision in Earth Sciences is to understand how the Earth's atmosphere is changing and the consequences of this change. INTEX-NA is an integrated atmospheric field experiment consisting of two phases. Phase A (INTEX-A) occured in the summer of 2004 over the central and eastern United States; Phase B (INTEX-B) occurred in the spring of 2006 over the west coast and out in the pacific region toward Asia. The INTEX-NA mission seeks to answer questions about the transport and transformation of gases and aerosols on transcontinental/intercontinental scales and their impact on air quality and climate. The main constituents of interest are ozone and precursors, aerosols and precursors, and the long-lived greenhouse gases. A particular focus of this study is to quantify and characterize the inflow and outflow of pollution over North America and its transformation during transport to distant continents. During the summer of 2004, NASA's INTEX-NA activities were coordinated with several national and international partners. Scientists from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, and France will be working together to achieve these goals. The INTEX-NA objectives will be met using a combination of observations from surface, airborne, and space platforms. II. Mission Description and Science Objectives The principal NASA platform for the summer 2004 INTEX-NA mission was the DC-8 with long range and high altitude capability. This platform was equipped with a comprehensive suite of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation to provide a comprehensive suite of chemical, physical, and optical measurements involving gases and aerosols. Complementing the NASA DC-8 were as many as 12 other aircraft, concurrently operated over North America and the Atlantic. Additionally several satellites (Terra, Aqua, Aura, Envisat) made atmospheric chemistry measurements from space. Interaction with ongoing satellite measurement programs is an important goal of INTEX-NA. INTEX-NA objectives required the use of satellite data and also under flew key satellite instruments to validate their results. These platforms have complementary capabilities and their operation was coordinated to maximize overall scientific output. The NASA DC-8 was operated from bases in California, Illinois, Missouri, and New Hampshire. Flights pursued targeted objectives with optimized observational priorities. Meteorological and chemical forecasts provided by a number of groups were the principal means for flight planning. Output from a number of models with varying resolution and capabilities was available for this purpose. These models will also play a critical role in post mission analysis of data. The principal science objectives of INTEX-NA are to: - Quantify the outflow of radiatively and chemically important trace gases and aerosols from North America to the Atlantic, and relate this outflow to our understanding of sources and sinks over North America and elsewhere; - Understand the transport and chemical evolution of the North American outflow over the Atlantic, and assess the impact and implications of the intercontinental transport of pollution on the global atmosphere and on regional air quality and climate; - Quantify the transpacific transport of Asian pollution to North America and its implications for air quality (Phase B). INTEX-NA will also perform the following important supporting functions that address critical needs and greatly facilitate the achievement of its objectives: - Utilize INTEX-NA airborne platforms and observational strategy to validate key satellite observations (e. g. H2O, O3, NO2, HNO3, CO, CH4 and HCN) in the troposphere especially from the Aura and Envisat platforms. - Support the North American Carbon Program to quantify the North American carbon sink through direct observations of climatically relevant trace gases (e. g. CO2 and methane) and aerosols across North America and beyond. III. Methods Parameter Method PIs a. O3 NO/O3, Chemiluminescence M. Avery, NASA LaRC b. CH2O Laser Induced Fluorescence D. Tan, GIT-EAS c. CO, CH4, N2O Tunable Diode Laser Absorption G. Sachse, NASA LaRC Spectrometry d. VOCs (NMHC, Whole air sample collection, D. Blake, UC Irvine halocarbons, alkyl nitrates), GC-FID/EC/MS analysis E. Atlas, U Miami CO_UCI, CH4_UCI, DMS_UCI e. NO2, NOy, "alkyl" nitrates Laser Induced Fluorescence & R. Cohen, UC Berkeley thermal dissociation f. CO2 Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR): S. Vay, NASA LaRC LI-COR 6252 Spectrometer g. CH2O Tunable Diode Laser Absorption A. Fried, NCAR Spectrometry h. PANs, acetaldehyde, acetone, Automated dual GC with H. Singh, NASA ARC mek, benzene, methanol, cryofocusing (PAN), Reduction ethanol, acetonitrile, HCN Gas Detector (methanol, ethanol, and nitriles), Photo Ionization Detector (all else) i. H2O vapor Open path Diode Laser G. Diskin, NASA LaRC Hygrometer (mixing ratio) Absorption Spectrometry J. Podolske, NASA ARC j. OH, HO2, NO, RO2 Laser Induced Fluorescence W. Brune, Penn State U k. HNO3, fine aerosol sulfate, Mist chamber/GC-IC isokinetic R. Talbot, U New Hampshire bulk aerosol composition sampling through forward-facing J. Dibb, U New Hampshire aerosol inlet onto teflon filter, ion chromatography l. SO2, HO2NO2 Chemical Ionization Mass G. Huey, GIT-EAS Spectrometry m. HNO3, H202, HCN, Chemical Ionization Mass P. Wennberg, Cal Tech PAA Spectrometry-direct measurements in ambient air n. Bulk aerosol ionic Particle into Liquid Sampling R. Weber, GIT-EAS composition (PILS) coupled to ICs o. CH2O, PAA, CH3OOH, H2O2 fluorometry (aqueous B. Heikes, U of Rhode Island collection followed by enzyme fluorescence detection), HPLC-fluorometry (CH3OOH and H2O2) p. Aerosol Scattering Ratio, UV Lidar (Airborne Differential E. Browell, NASA LaRC Aerosol Depolarization %, Absorption Lidar- DIAL) Aerosol Wavelength Dependence Troposphere and tropopause O3 profiles q. Photolytic frequencies, Scanning actinic flux R. Shetter, NCAR J(O3), J(NO2), J(H202), J(HNO2),spectroradiometer with J(HNO3), J(HNO4), J(CH2O) PMT detector r. H20 vapor (dew/frost pt), Cryogenic hygrometer, J. Barrick, NASA LaRC J(NO2) actinometer (filter radiometer) s. Aerosol composition, size Particle Soot Absorption A. Clarke, U of Hawaii distribution,microphysics, Photometers (PSAPs), concentration, optical Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, properties Condensation Particle Counter, Differential Mobility Analyzer, Radiance Research M903 nephelometers (for scattering of light by aerosols), Optical Particle Counter (OPC) t. Aerosol number density, Condensation Particle Counter, B. Anderson, NASA LaRC size, and light scattering Cloud Aerosol and precipitation properties; cloud liquid and Spectrometer (CAPS), soot ice water content photometer, Wing Mounted Aerosol Probes: Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), Cloud Index Probe (CIP), Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP), Hot- Wire LWC-100 Probe VARIABLE NAMES -------------- YYYYMMDD : Year, month, and day of sampling doy : Absolute day of year UTC : Coordinated Universal Time, in seconds from midnight flask.ID : Canister identification number time.open : Number of seconds flask was open flt.num : Flight number, ranges from 3 to 20. latitude : Latitude, in degrees longitude : Longitude, in degrees gps.altitude : GPS Altitude, in meters press.altitude : Pressure Altitude, in meters rad.altitude : Radar Altitude, in meters cabin.altitude : Altitude of cabin, in meters roll : Aircraft roll angle, in degrees pitch : Aircraft pitch angle, in degrees heading : Aircraft heading angle, in degrees track : Aircraft track angle, in degrees drift : Aircraft drift angle, in degrees sza.deg : Solar Zenith Angle, in degrees sun.elev.earth : Elevation angle of sun with respect to the earth, in degrees sun.elev.air : Elevation angle of aircraft with respect to the earth, in degrees sun.az.earth : Azimuth angle of sun with respect to the earth, in degrees sun.az.air : Azimuth angle of sun with respect to the aircraft, in degrees counter : Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.hot : Condensation Nuclei Count when air is heated to 300C, in particles per cubic centimeter counter.ultrafine: Ultrafine Condensation Nuclei Count, in particles per cubic centimeter airT.C : Air temperature, in celsius ir.surf.temp : Infrared surface temperature, in celsius dew.point_PROJ : Project recommended dew point value based on an assessment of multiple hygrometer measurements, in celsius. THETA : Potential Temperature, in Kelvin rel.humid.H2O : Calculated relative humidity over water, in percent, based on project recommended dew point (dew.point_PROJ) rel.humid.ice : Calculated relative humidity over ice, in percent, based on project recommended dew point (dew.point_PROJ) static.press : Static pressure, in mbar vap.press.H2O : Vapor Pressure of water with liquid phase, in mbar vap.press.ice : Vapor Pressure of water with ice phase, in mbar sat.vap.press.H2O: Saturation Vapor Pressure of water with liquid phase, in mbar sat.vap.press.ice: Saturation Vapor Pressure of water with ice phase, in mbar ground.speed : Aircraft ground speed, in m/s air.speed : Aircraft air speed, in m/s wind.m : Horizontal wind speed, in m/s wind.d : Horizontal wind direction, in degrees vert.air.speed : Vertical air speed, in m/s mach : Mach number clear : Percent clear cloudy : Percent cloudy haze : Percent hazy intermediate : Percent intermediate alpha.pinene_UCIMS: Alpha pinene mixing ratio, in pptv ANs_TDLIF : Total alkyl nitrate mixing ratio, in pptv benzene_PANAK : Benzene mixing ratio measured by PID, in pptv benzene_UCI : Benzene mixing ratio measured at UCI, in pptv beta.pinene_UCIMS: Beta pinene mixing ratio, in pptv X2.BuONO2 : 2-butylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv i.butane_UCI : Isobutane mixing ratio, in pptv n.butane_UCI : n-butane mixing ratio, in pptv X1.butene_UCI : 1-butene mixing ratio, in pptv i.butene_UCI : Isobutene mixing ratio, in pptv cis.2.butene_UCI: cis-2-butene mixing ratio, in pptv trans.2.butene_UCI: trans-2-butene mixing ratio, in pptv CCl4_UCI : carbon tetrachloride mixing ratio, in pptv C2Cl4_UCI : tetrachloroethene mixing ratio, in pptv cfc11_UCI : Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) mixing ratio, in pptv cfc113_UCI : 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) mixing ratio, in pptv cfc114_UCI : Dichlorotetrafluroethane (CFC-114) mixing ratio, in pptv cfc12_UCI : Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) mixing ratio, in pptv CHBr3_UCI : Tribromomethane (bromoform) mixing ratio, in pptv CHCl3_UCI : Trichloromethane (chloroform) mixing ratio, in pptv CH2Br2_UCI : Dibromomethane mixing ratio, in pptv CH2Cl2_UCI : Dichloromethane mixing ratio, in pptv CH3Br_UCI : Bromomethane mixing ratio, in pptv CH3CCl3_UCI : Methyl chloroform mixing ratio, in pptv CH3Cl_UCI : Chloromethane mixing ratio, in pptv CH3CHO_PANAK : Acetaldehyde mixing ratio, in pptv CH3CN_PANAK : Acetonitrile mixing ratio, in pptv CH3I_UCI : Methyl iodide mixing ratio, in pptv CH3OH_UCI : Methanol mixing ratio, in pptv CH3ONO2_UCI : Methyl nitrate mixing ratio, in pptv CH3OOH_URI : Methyl hydroperoxide mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv CH4_UCI : Methane mixing ratio measured at UCI, in ppbv CO_NASA : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio, in ppbv CO_UCI : Carbon monoxide mixing ratio measured at UCI, in ppbv CO2_LICOR : Carbon dioxide mixing ratio, in ppmv COS_UCI : Carbonyl sulfide mixing ratio, in pptv X1.2.DCE_UCI : 1,2-Dichloroethane mixing ratio, in pptv DMK_PANAK : Dimethylketone mixing ratio, in pptv DMS_UCI : Dimethylsulfide mixing ratio, in pptv ethane_UCI : Ethane mixing ratio, in pptv ethanol_PANAK : Ethanol mixing ratio, in pptv ethene_UCI : Ethene mixing ratio, in pptv EtI-UCI : Ethyl iodide mixing ratio, in pptv ethylbenzene_UCI: Ethyl benzene mixing ratio, in pptv X2.ethyltoluene_UCI: 2-Ethyltoluene mixing ratio, in pptv X3.ethyltoluene_UCI: 3-Ethyltoluene mixing ratio, in pptv ethyne : Ethyne mixing ratio, in pptv EtONO2_UCI : Ethylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv H1211_UCI : Bromochlorodifluoromethane (H-1211) mixing ratio, in pptv H2402_UCI : Dibromotetrafluoroethane (H-2402) mixing ratio, in pptv H2O_DLH : Water mixing ratio as measured by laser hygrometer, in ppmv H2O_PROJ : Water mixing ratio calculated based on project recommended dew point (dew.point_PROJ), in ppmv H2O2_CIT : Hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio measured at CIT, in pptv H2O2_URI : Hydrogen peroxide mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv HCHO_GIT : Formaldehyde mixing ratio measured at GIT, in pptv HCHO_NCAR : Formaldehyde mixing ratio measured at NCAR, in pptv HCHO_URI : Formaldehyde mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv hcfc22_UCI : Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) mixing ratio, in pptv hcfc141b_UCI : 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) mixing ratio, in pptv hcfc142b_UCI : 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) mixing ratio, in pptv HCN_PANAK : Hydrogen cyanide mixing ratio, in pptv HCN_CIT : Hydrogen cyanide mixing ratio measured at CIT, in pptv n.hexane_UCI : n-hexane mixing ratio, in pptv hfc134a_UCI : 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane mixing ratio, in pptv HNO3_CIT : Nitric acid mixing ratio measured at CIT, in pptv HNO3_UNH : Nitric acid mixing ratio measured at UNH, in pptv HO2_LIF : Hydroperoxyl radical mixing ratio, in pptv HO2NO2_CIMS : Peroxynitric acid mixing ratio, in pptv isoprene_UCI : Isoprene mixing ratio, in pptv MEK_UCI : Methyl ethyl ketone mixing ratio, in pptv NO_LUM : Nitric oxide mixing ratio, in pptv NO2_TDLIF : Nitrogen dioxide mixing ratio, in pptv O3_DIAL : Ozone mixing ratio, in ppbv O3.column_DIAL : Ozone column thickness, in Dobson units OH_LIF : Hydroxyl radical mixing ratio, in pptv PAA_CIT : Peracetic acid mixing ratio measured at CIT, in pptv PAA_URI : Peracetic acid mixing ratio measured at URI, in pptv PAN_PANAK : Peroxyacetylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv i.pentane_UCI : Isopentant mixing ratio, in pptv n.pentane_UCI : n-pentane mixing ratio, in pptv X2.PeONO2 : 2-pentylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv X3.PeONO2 : 3-pentylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv PNs_TDLIF : Total peroxy nitrate mixing ratio, in pptv i.PrONO2_UCI : Isopropylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv n.PrONO2_UCI : n-propylnitrate mixing ratio, in pptv propane_UCI : propane mixing ratio, in pptv propene_UCI : propene mixing ratio, in pptv i.propylbenzene_UCI: Isopropylbenzene mixing ratio, in pptv n.propylbenzene_UCI: n-propylbenzene mixing ratio, in pptv SO2_CIMS : Sulfur dioxide mixing ratio, in pptv X1.2.4.TMB_UCI : 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene mixing ratio, in pptv X1.3.5.TMB_UCI : 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene mixing ratio, in pptv toluene_UCI : Toluene mixing ratio, in pptv m.xylene_UCI : m-xylene mixing ratio, in pptv o.xylene_UCI : o-xylene mixing ratio, in pptv p.xylene_UCI : p-xylene mixing ratio, in pptv J.CH3CHO_a : J-value for CH3CHO -> CH3 + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3CHO_b : J-value for CH3CHO -> CH4 + CO, in 1/s J.CH3CH2CH2CHO_a: J-value for CH3CH2CH2CHO + hv -> C3H7 + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3CH2CH2CHO_b: J-value for CH3CH2CH2CHO + hv -> C2H4 + CH2CHOH , in 1/s J.CH3CH2ONO2 : J-value for CH3CH2ONO2 + hv -> Products , in 1/s J.CH3COCH2CH3 : J-value for CH3COCH2CH3 + hv -> Products , in 1/s J.CH3COCH3 : J-value for CH3COCH3 , in 1/s J.CH3COCHO : J-value for CH3COCHO -> Products, in 1/s J.CHOCHO_a : J-value for CHOCHO -> Products, in 1/s J.CHOCHO_b : J-value for CHOCHO -> HCO + HCO , in 1/s J.CH3ONO2 : J-value for CH3ONO2 -> CH3O + NO2 , in 1/s J.CH3OOH : J-value for CH3OOH -> CH3O + OH , in 1/s J.C2H5CHO : J-value for C2H5CHO -> C2H5 + HCO , in 1/s J.HCHO_a : J-value for HCHO -> H + HCO , in 1/s J.HCHO_b : J-value for HCHO -> H2 + CO , in 1/s J.HNO2 : J-value for HNO2 -> OH + NO , in 1/s J.HNO3 : J-value for HNO3 -> OH + NO2 , in 1/s J.HNO4 : J-value for HNO4 -> HO2 + NO2 , in 1/s J.HO2NO2_a : J-value for HO2NO2 + hv -> HO2 + NO2 , in 1/s J.HO2NO2_b : J-value for HO2NO2 + hv -> OH + NO3 , in 1/s J.H2O2 : J-value for H2O2 -> 2OH , in 1/s J.NO2 : J-value for NO2 -> NO + O(3P) , in 1/s J.NO2_nadir : J-value for NO2 based on measurement by a downward-looking radiometer, in 1/s. [Total J-value for NO2 is JNO2(nadir) + JNO2(zenith)] J.NO2_zenith : J-value for NO2 based on measurement by an upward-looking radiometer, in 1/s. [Total J-value for NO2 is JNO2(nadir) + JNO2(zenith)] J.O3 : J-value for O3 -> O2 + O(1D) , in 1/s J.PAN : J-value for PAN + hv -> Products , in 1/s Be.7 : Beryllium-7 radionuclide , in radioactivity per unit volume (femto-curie per cubic meter, fCi/m^3 ) Pb.210 : Lead-210 radionuclide, in radioactivity per unit volume (femto-curie per cubic meter, fCi/m^3 ) Ca : Calcium mixing ratio, in pptv Ca_20C_1atm : Calcium aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 Cl : Chloride mixing ratio, in pptv Cl_20C_1atm : Chloride aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 C2O4 : Oxalate mixing ratio, in ppt K : Potassium mixing ratio, in pptv K_20C_1atm : Potassium aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 Mg : Magnesium mixing ratio, in pptv Mg_20C_1atm : Magnesium aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 Na : Sodium mixing ratio, in pptv Na_20C_1atm : Sodium aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 NH4 : Ammonium mixing ratio, in pptv NH4_20C_1atm : Ammonium aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 NO3 : Nitrate mixing ratio, in pptv NO3_20C_1atm : Nitrate aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 SO4 : Sulfate mixing ratio, in pptv SO4_20C_1atm : Sulfate aerosol soluble ion mass density corrected to temperature and pressure of 20 deg C and 1 atm, in ug/m^3 SO4_fine : Fine sulfate mixing ratio, in pptv cloud.extinction: Cloud extinction, in 1/km IWC_CAS : Cloud ice water mass density derived by Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) wing probe (5-50 microns) , in grams per cubic meter IWC_CIP : Cloud ice water mass density derived by Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) wing probe (50-1550 microns) , in grams per cubic meter LWC_CAS : Cloud liquid water mass density derived by Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) wing probe (5-50 microns) , in grams per cubic meter LWC_CIP : Cloud liquid water mass density derived by Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) wing probe (50-1550 microns) , in grams per cubic meter LWC_HW : Cloud liquid water mass density measured by hot-wire (HW) probe (10-40 microns) , in grams per cubic meter rad.eff : Cloud droplet effective radius, in microns nd_0.3um_2um : Number density of aerosols between 0.3 and 2 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_2um_5um : Number density of aerosols between 2 and 5 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_5um_25um : Number density of aerosols between 5 and 25 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_25um_50um : Number density of aerosols between 25 and 50 microns, in # per cubic centimeter nd_50um_1550um : Number density of aerosols between 50 and 1550 microns, in # per cubic centimeter sad_0.3um_2um : Surface area density of aerosols between 0.3 and 2 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_2um_5um : Surface area density of aerosols between 2 and 5 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_5um_25um : Surface area density of aerosols between 5 and 25 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_25um_50um : Surface area density of aerosols between 25 and 50 microns, in squared microns per cubic centimeter sad_50um_1550um : Surface area density of aerosols between 50 and 1550 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_0.3um_2um : Volume density of aerosols between 0.3 and 2 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_2um_5um : Volume density of aerosols between 2 and 5 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_5um_25um : Volume density of aerosols between 5 and 25 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_25um_50um : Volume density of aerosols between 25 and 50 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter vd_50um_1550um : Volume density of aerosols between 50 and 1550 microns, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter ndtot_0.3um_1550um: Total number density of aerosols between 0.3 and 1550 microns , in particles per cubic centimeter sadtot_0.3um_1550um: Total surface area density of aerosols between 0.3 and 1550 microns , in particles per cubic centimeter per squared micron vdtot_0.3um_1550um: Total volume density of aerosols between 0.3 and 1550 microns , in particles per cubic centimeter per cubic micron num.mean.dia : Number mean diameter of aerosols, in microns vol.mean.dia : Volume mean diameter of aerosols (average diameter based on the unit volume of a particle), in microns nm450_scat_tot : Total aerosol scattering coefficient at 450 nm measured with TSI nephelometer, in Mm-1 nm540_scat_tot_dry: Total aerosol scattering coefficient at 540 nm measured with TSI nephelometer without humidifier, in Mm-1 nm540_scat_tot_wet: Total aerosol scattering coefficient at 540 nm measured with TSI nephelometer with humidifier, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_tot : Total aerosol scattering coefficient at 550 nm measured with TSI nephelometer, in Mm-1 nm700_scat_tot : Total aerosol scattering coefficient at 700 nm measured with TSI nephelometer, in Mm-1 nm450_scat_sub : Submicron scattering coefficient at 450 nm measured with TSI nephelometer, in Mm-1 nm540_scat_sub_dry: Submicron aerosol scattering coefficient at 540 nm measured with TSI nephelometer without humidifier, in Mm-1 nm540_scat_sub_wet: Submicron aerosol scattering coefficient at 540 nm measured with TSI nephelometer with humidifier, in Mm-1 nm550_scat_sub : Submicron scattering coefficient at 550 nm measured with TSI nephelometer, in Mm-1 nm700_scat_sub : Submicron scattering coefficient at 700 nm measured with TSI nephelometer, in Mm-1 nm470_abs_tot : Total aerosol absorption coefficient at 470 nm measured with PSAP, in nm/Mm nm530_abs_tot : Total aerosol absorption coefficient at 530 nm measured with PSAP, in nm/Mm nm660_abs_tot : Total aerosol absorption coefficient at 660 nm measured with PSAP, in nm/Mm nm550_abs_sub : Submicron aerosol absorption coefficient at 550 nm measured with PSAP, in nm/Mm DMAintNunh : Integral number of unheated particle distribution as measured by the DMA, in particles per cubic centimeter (#/cc) DMAintAunh : Integral area of unheated particle distribution as measured by the DMA, in squared microns per cubic centimeter (um^2/cc) DMAintVunh : Integral volume of unheated particle distribution as measured by the DMA, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter (um^3/cc) DMAintN150C : Integral number of particle distribution at 150C as measured by the DMA, in particles per cubic centimeter (#/cc) DMAintA150C : Integral area of particle distribution at 150C as measured by the DMA, in squared microns per cubic centimeter (um^2/cc) DMAintV150C : Integral volume of particle distribution at 150C as measured by the DMA, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter (um^3/cc) DMAintN300C : Integral number of particle distribution at 300C as measured by the DMA, in particles per cubic centimeter (#/cc) DMAintA300C : Integral area of particle distribution at 300C as measured by the DMA, in squared microns per cubic centimeter (um^2/cc) DMAintV300C : Integral volume of particle distribution at 300C as measured by the DMA, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter (um^3/cc) OPCintNunh : Integral number of unheated particle distribution as measured by the OPC, in particles per cubic centimeter (#/cc) OPCintAunh : Integral area of unheated particle distribution as measured by the OPC, in squared microns per cubic centimeter (um^2/cc) OPCintVunh : Integral volume of unheated particle distribution as measured by the OPC, in cubic microns per cubic centimeter (um^3/cc) unh_rh : Relative humidity of uncontrolled Radiance Research Nephelometer, used to measure scattering of 540nm light due to aerosol particles. A 1 um cut size (aerodynamic diameter) impactor was periodically placed in the sampling stream. This instrument averaged 89% of the TSI Nephelometer measurement. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in %. wet_rh_in : Relative humidity at the beginning of the sampling stream of second Radiance Research Nephelometer, where a humidifier that attempted to maintain a relative humidity of 85% was placed in the sampling stream. A 1 um cut size (aerodynamic diameter) impactor was periodically placed in the sampling stream. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in %. wet_rh_out : Relative humidity at the end of the sampling stream of second Radiance Research Nephelometer, where a humidifier that attempted to maintain a relative humidity of 85% was placed in the sampling stream. A 1 um cut size (aerodynamic diameter) impactor was periodically placed in the sampling stream. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in %. tsi1_rh : Relative humidity from TSI Nephelometer 1. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in % rh_amb : Ambient relative humidity. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in % tsi1_scat : Scattering from TSI Nephelometer 1. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in 1/Mm scat_amb : Ambient scattering. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data reported in 1/Mm gamma : The relative humidity and scattering in the heated and humidified nephelometers were used in a 2 point fit to parameterize the sensitivity of scattering to relative humidity using the formula: gamma = ln(nm_540_scat_tot_wet/nm_540_scat_tot_dry)/ln((100-dry_rh)/(100-wet_rh)). Note that this function is a crude approximation of the real relationship between scattering and humidity--this simplified approach is required by the time and space limitations of aircraft sampling. The sensitivity exponent gamma is reported only when nm_540_scat_tot_dry exceeded 5/Mm. Values corrected to ambient temperature and pressure. Data is unitless. gamma_sub : When the Radiance Research nephelometers were sampling submicron aerosol, gamma is reported as gamma_sub. Formula: gamma = ln(nm_540_scat_sub_wet/nm_540_scat_sub_dry)/ln((100-dry_rh)/(100-wet_rh)) Data is unitless. frh : No units. Sensitivity of scattering, f(RH=85), is the ratio of scattering between relative humidity of 85% and a "dry" humidity (often taken to be 40%). frh reported here is calculated from gamma. frh_sub : No units. Sensitivity of scattering, f(RH=85), is the ratio of scattering between relative humidity of 85% and a "dry" humidity (often taken to be 40%). frh reported here is calculated from gamma_sub (sampling of submicron aerosols). MISSING VALUES -------------- For files in .RData format, missing values are represented by "NA". For files in .csv format, missing values are represented by "NaN"