1a
1
POLAR DESERT
Sparse communities of lichens (species of Pertusariaa, Ochrolechia), mosses (Ditrchum flexicaule, species of Bryum, Pohlia), high arctic flowering plant species
2a
2
TUNDRA
Plains
Arctic Tundra
Grass-moss and dwarf shrub-grass-moss
Carex ensifolia spp. artisibirica, Deschampsia brevifolia, Salix polaris, splendens var. alaskanum, Tomenthypnum nitens
2b
3
Carex ensifolia spp. artisibirica, Dryas octopetala, D. punctata, Aulacomnium turgidum, Hylocomium splendens var. alaskanum, species of DicranumTomenthypnum nitens
2v
4
Alopecurus alpinus, Dryas punctata, Aulacomnium turgidum, Hylocomium splendens var. alaskanum
2g
5
Eriophorum polystachyon, Carex lugens, Aulacomnium turgidum, Hylocomium splendens var. alaskanum
3a
6
North Tundra
Grass-moss and dwarf shrub-moss w/ Carex ensifolia spp. arctisibirica, species of Betula, Salix glauca, S. lanata
Betula nana, Tomenthypnum nitens, species of Aulacomnium
3b
7
Dryas punctata, Betula nana, Tomenthypnum nitens, species of Aulacomnium
3v
8
Betula exilus, Dryas punctata, Hylocomium splendens var. alaskanum
9
Dwarf shrub-moss (Dryas punctata, Cassiope tetragona, species of Aulacomnium, Tomenthypnum nitens, Hylocomium splendens var. alaskanum with Betula exilis, Salix pulchra, S. lanata
5a
10
Dwarf trees of Salix (Salix glauca, S. reptans)
with Betula nana
5b
11
with Salix pulchra, Betula exilis
6a
12
Cottongrass-moss (species of Aulacomnium, Hylocomium splendens var. alaskanum, Eriphorum vaginatum) on hummock tundra
with Carex stans
6b
13
with Ledum decumbens, Carex lugens
7a
14
South Tundra
Dwarf grass-dwarf shrub-moss
Betula nana, Carex bigelowii, Empetrum hermaphroditum
7b
15
Betula nana, Salix phylicifolia, S. lapponum, S. glauca, Carex globularis, speices of Vaccinium
7v
16
Betula nana, Salix lanata, S. glauca, Carex ensifolia spp. arctisibirica, in places w/ Duschekia fruticosa
7g
17
Betula exilis, Salix pulchra, S. glauca, Ledum decumbens, Carex ensifolia spp. arctisibirica, in places w/ Duschekia fruticosa
7d
18
Duschekia fruticosa, Betula nana, Empetrum subholarcticum
19
Dwarf shrub-cottongrass-moss (Ledum decumbens, Eriphorum vaginatum, species of Sphagnum, Aulacomnium) w/Betula exilis, Salix pulchra, in places w/ Duschekia fruticosa
8c
20
Map Typo
9a
21
Mountain Tundra
Sparse communities of crustaceous and foliose lichens (species of Rhizocarpon, Lecanora, Lecidea, Umbilicaria, Gyrphora) mosses (species of Rhacomitrium), arctic-alpine flowering plant species
between stone fields
9b
22
in places combined w/ tundra, shrub communities and stone fields
23
Dwarf shrub-moss, grass-dwarf shrub-moss and lichen (Novosieversia glacialis, species of Dryas)
11a
24
Dwarf shrub-lichen and dwarf shrub-moss ombined w/ shrub communities, sparse vegetation of stone fields
w/ Empetrum hermaphroditum, Carex bigelowii combined w/ Betula nana communities
11b
25
w/ Carex ensifolia spp. arctisibirica, Dryas octopetala, diverse arctic-alpine forb communities, in places combined w/ Duschekia fruticosa communities
11v
26
w/ Dryas oxyodontha combined w/ Betula rotundifolia communities
11g
27
w/ Cassiope ericoides combined w/ communities of Pinus pumila, Betula middendorffii
11d
28
w/ Dryas punctata, Rhododendron parvifolium, R. aureum combined w/ communities of Betula middendorffii, Pinus pumila
11e
29
w/ Rhododendron aureum, R. kamtshaticum combined w/ communities of Betula middendorffii, Pinus pumila, in places tall grass meadows
30
ALTITUDINAL VEGETATION FOR TUNDRA, CARPET, MEADOWS, CUSHION VEGETATION, UMBELLARS, ELFIN WOODLANDS, AND OPEN WOODLANDS
Sparse comunities of subnival vegetation between talus and rock outcrops
13a
31
Grass-diverse forb (alpine) meadows and carpet combined w/ shrub comunities (Rhododendron caucasicum) and sparse vegetation of talus and rock outcrops
Festuca woronowii, Geranium gymnocaulon, Carex tristis, Sibbaldia semiglabra, Campanula biebersteiniana
13b
32
Festuca woronowii, in places Agrostis lazica, Alopecurus aucheri, Sibbaldia parviflora
33
Grass-diverse forb (Geranium saxatile, Lagotis korolkowii, Festuca alaica) (shortgrass) meadows combined w/ mountain xerophytes
15a
34
Elfin woodlands, open woodlands (subalpine)
Betula litwinowii, Fagus orientalis, Acer trautvetteri, Rhododendron caucasicum combined w/ tall grasslands and meadows
15b
35
Betula litwinowii, Acer trautvetteri, in places on north slope Pinus kochiana, on south slope - Quercus macranthera, Rhododendron caucasicum combined w/ communities of shrubs, tall grasslands and meadows
15v
36
Quercus macranthera, in places Betula litwinowii, Acer trautvetteri, Juniperus hemisphaerica, J. sabina combined w/ steppes and mountain xerophytic vegetation
16a
37
Grass-diverse forb (middle grass) meadows and umbellars
Polygonum coriarium, Prangos pabularia, Dactylis glomerata, in places w/ Rosa kokanica
16b
38
Geranium regelii, Allium fedtschenkoanum, Polygonum hissaricum, Festuca alaica, in places w/ creeping junipers, crooked forests
16v
39
Phlomis oreophila, Geranium himilayense, Polygonum nitens, in places combined w/ open spruce woodlands and creeping junipers, crooked forests
16g
40
Rhaponticum carthamoides, Aguilegia glandulosa combined w/ short grass meadows
17a
41
Sedges. Kobresia, grass-diverse forb (shortgrass) meadows
Carex stenocarpa, C. melanantha, Kobresia capilliformis, Alchemilla retropilosa combined w/ cryophytic steppes
17b
42
Alchemilla crytopleura, A. sibirica, Kobresia myosurpides
17v
43
Kobresia myosuroides, Carex stenocarpa combined w/ cryophytic steppes
17g
44
Kobresia smirnovii, Ptilagrostis mongholica, Eriophorum polystachyon combined w/ alpine bogs
18a
45
Cushion plants diverse forb communities, semi-dwarf shrubs, dwarf shrubs
Potentilla flabellata, Oxytropis savellanica combined w/ shortgrass meadows and mountain xerophytic vegetation
18b
46
Oxytropis immersa, Potentilla pamiroalaica, Sibbaldia tetrandra, Ajania tibetica combined w/ cryophytic steppes
18v
47
Oxytropis chionobia, Thylacospermum caespitosum combined w/ shortgrass meadows
48
DARK CONIFEROUS, LIGHT CONIFEROUS, SMALL-LEAVED FORESTS, AND OPEN WOODLANDS
Boreal Forest and Open Woodlands -- "Pre-tundra" open woodlands
Birch (Betula czerepanovii with Pinus sylvestris, Picea obovata), shortgrass - dwarf shrub - green moss
20a
49
Spruce (Picea obovata) w/ mosaic dwarf shrub - green moss cover
w/ Betula czerepanovii
20b
50
w/ Larix sibirica
20g
51
21a
52
Larch, dwarf shrub - lichens - green moss
Larix sibirica with Picea obovata
21b
53
Larix gmelnii with Picea obovata
21v
54
Larix cajanderi
22a
55
Boreal Forest and Open woodlands -- North Taiga
Sparse spruce woodlands w/ Betula nana and sdwarf shrub - lichens - green moss in understory
Picea abies x P. obovata, P. obovata w/ Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, B. czerepanovii
22b
56
Picea obovata, Larix sibirica
57
Sparse Larch - spruce - pine (Oinus sibirica, Picea obovata, Larix sibirica), dwarf shrub - lichens
24a
58
Sparse pine, dwarf shrub - green moss - lichens
Pinus sylvestris
24b
59
Pinus sylvestris w/ Larix sibirica
25a
60
Sparse larch, dwarf shrub - moss and dwarf shrub - lichens
Larix sibirica w/ Picea obovata
25b
61
Larix gmelnii, in places w/ Picea obovata
25v
62
26a
63
Boreal Forest and Open woodlands -- Middle Taiga
Spruce and fir - spruce, dwarf shrub - green moss w/ shortgrass
Picea abies, P. abies x P. obovata, P. obovata
26b
64
Picea obovata, P. abies x P. obovata, Abies sibirica
65
Spruce - pine and pine-spruce (Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata), grass - dwarf shrub - green moss
28a
66
Pine, dwarf shrub - green moss and lichen
Pinus sylvestris w/ Picea abies, P. abies x P. obovata, P. obovata
28b
67
28v
68
Pinus sylvestris w/ Larix gmelnii
29a
69
Larch
Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris w/ Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica, dwarf shrub-green moss
29b
70
Larix gmelinii, dwarf shrub-green moss
29v
71
Larix gmelinii, dwarf shrub-green moss w/ shortgrass combined w/ pine and birch woodlands, bogs, salted meadows, sometimes w/ steppes
29g
72
Larix gmelinii, green moss-sphagnum combined w/ larch forests, low birch thicket communities, sparse larch woodlands
29d
73
Larix gmelinii, L. gmelinii (mar')
30a
74
Boreal Forest and Open woodlands -- South Taiga
Spruce, fir-spruce and spruce-fir, grass-dwarf shrub and grass w/ mosaic green moss cover
Picea abies, P. abies x P. obovata w/ participation of nemoral elements
30b
75
Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, in places w/ Tilia cordata in understory
30v
76
Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, grass-green moss
30g
77
Abies nephrolepis, Picea ajanensis, shortgrass-green moss
78
Pine-spruce-fir (Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica), shortgrass w/ participation of broadgrass and mosaic green moss cover
79
Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and larch-pine, grass-green moss and dwarf shrub-lichens-green moss
32a
80
w/ Picea abies, P. abies x P. obovata, P. obovata in participation w/ south boreal species
32b
81
w/ Tilia cordata
32v
82
w/ Larix sibirica, diverse forbs
32g
83
w/ Larix sibirica, Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata
32d
84
w/ Larix gmelinii
33a
85
Larch (Larix gmelinii) and pine-larch, dwarf shrub-grass
w/ Pinus sylvestris, Rhododendron dahuricum
33b
86
w/nemoral elements
33v
87
grass green moss-sphagnum in combination w/ dwarf shrub communities and bogs
34a
88
Boreal Forest and Open woodlands -- Subtaiga
Dark coniferous w/ admixture of broadleaf species (w/ understory and cover of nemoral species) and broadleaved-dark coniferous
Picea abies, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, on the south Carpinus betulus w/ middle European species in understory and cover
34b
89
Picea abies, P. abies x P. obovata, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata
34v
90
Picea obovata, P. obovata x P. abies, P. abies x P. obovata, Abies sibirica, Quercus robur, Ulmus glabra w/ Siberian species in the cover
34g
91
Picea ajanensis, Abies nephrolepsis, Pinus koraiensis
35a
92
Pine (Pinus sylvestris), grass often with south pine forests and meadow-steppe species
w/ understory of Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata
35b
93
dwarf shrub- grass combined w/ lichens
35v
94
w/ Betula pendula
35g
95
35d
96
w/ Larix gmelinii, Quercus mongolica, Betula davurica
97
Larix (larix gmelinii) w/ Quercus mongolica, Betula dahurica, grass
98
Aspen-birch (Populus tremula, Betula pendula), grass, in the Ural region sometimes w/ Tilia cordata and birch-aspen w/ nemoral elements in the Kuznetsky-Alatau region
38a
99
Steppe Forests
Pine (Pinus sylvestris) w/ steppe grass cover
w/ Quercus robur, semi-xerophytes
38b
100
39a
101
Aspen-birch and birch-aspen w/ steppe grass cover
Betula pendula, Populus tremula combined w/ halophytic meadow communities
39b
102
Betula davurica, B. platyphylla combined w/ steppe meadow communities
40a
103
Mountains
Boreal Forest and Open Woodlands -- Open Woodslands under Talus
Dark coniferous, dwarf shrub-moss-lichen
Picea obovata, Abies sibirica, sometimes w/ Pinus sibirica dwarf shrub-moss-lichens
40b
104
Picea ajanensis, Abies nephrolepsis w/ Pinus pumila combined w/ Betula lanata groves
41a
105
Larch, dwarf shrub-moss-lichens
Larix gmelinii
41b
106
Larix gmelinii w/ Pinus pumila
41v
107
Larix cajanderi w/ Pinus pumila
108
Elfin Pinus pumila communities combined with larch open woodlands and tundra
43a
109
Boreal Forest and Open Woodlands -- Mountain Taiga
Pine-spruce and fir-spruce
Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica w/ Larix sibirica, Abies sibirica, grass-dwarf shrub-lichen-green moss
43b
110
Pinus ajanensis, Abies nephrolepsis, grass-green moss
44a
111
Spruce-fir and pine-fir, grass-dwarf shrub-green moss
Abies sibirica, Picea obovata w/ Pinus sibirica and Tilia cordata in understory
44b
112
Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica
113
Pine and fir-pine (Pinus sibirica w/ Larix sibirica, Picea obovata) dwarf shrub- shortgrass- green moss
46a
114
Spruce-fir, pine-fir, fir-spruce w/ nemoral elements
Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Tilia cordata, Quercus robur w/ ferns and tall grass in cover
46b
115
Abies sibirica. Pinus sibirica, Populus tremula w/ tall grass in cover
46v
116
Picea ajanensis, Abies nephrolepsis w/ Pinus koraiensis, grass-green moss
47a
117
w/ sparse Larix sibirica, in places w/ Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica
47b
118
w/ Larix sibirica, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, and Tilia cordata in understory and nemoral species in cover
47v
119
47g
120
w/ Larix gmelinii, in places w/ L. sibirica, dwarf shrub-grass
48a
121
Larix sibirica w/ Pinus sylvestris, dwarf shrub-grass
48b
122
Larix sibirica w/ Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica, dwarf shrub-green moss
48v
123
Larix sibirica w/ Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata
48g
124
Larix sibirica, w/ Betula pendula, grass, in places steppe-like
48d
125
sparse Larix gmelinii w/ Pinus pumila, Betula exilis, B. middendorffii dwarf shrub-green moss
48e
126
sparse Larix cajanderi w/ Pinus pumila, dwarf shrub-green moss-lichen
48m
127
Larix gmelinii w/ Betula exilis (on the southeast B. middendorffii) and Duschekia fruticosa, dwarf shrub-green moss combined w/ low birch thicket community and bogs
48z
128
Larix gmelinii w/ Rhododendron dahuricum, dwarf shrub-grass-green moss
48hXNX
129
Larix gmelinii w/ Picea ajanensis, Abies nephrolepsis, grass-green moss
130
Birch (Betula lanata), tall grass
131
Dark Coniferous Forests Outside of the Boreal Region
Spruce, fir, and beech-fir (Picea abies, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica), inplaces Pinus cembra w/P. mugo, Lonicera nigra
51a
132
Spruce-fir (Abies nordmanniana, Picea orientalis) often w/ Fagus orientalis
without evergreen understory
51b
133
w/ evergreen understory (Rhododendron ponticum, Laurocerasus officinalis, Ilex colchica)
52a
134
Spruce, fir-spruce, aspen-spruce combined w/ meadows and steppes
Picea schrenkiana, Abies semenovii, Populus tremula w/ Malus sieversii
52b
135
Picea schrenkiana, Juniperus pseudosabina
53a
136
Pine
Pinus pallasiana often w/ Quercus pubescens, semi-xerophytic grass
53b
137
Pinus piotyusa w/ Carpinus orientalis and evergreen shrubs in understory
53v
138
Pinus kochiana w/ taiga - pine forest or in places steppe-like cover
139
BROADLEAF FOREST
Beech (Fagus sylvatica) often w/ Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, Acer pseudoplatanus
140
Oak-hornbeam, hornbeam(Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur) w/ Acer pseudoplatanus, Cerasus avium
56a
141
Oak
Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus w/ Picea abies, w/ boreal species in cover
56b
142
Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus w/ Fagus sylvatica and middle European species in cover
56v
143
Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus w/ Mediterranean species in understory and cover
56g
144
Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus w/ Tilia tomentosa and Mediterranean species in understory and cover
56d
145
Quercus pubescens w/ Cotinus coggygria, Prunus spinosa, Caragana frutex combined w/ steppe meadow communities
56e
146
Quercus mongolica, grass, short trees
57a
147
Pine broadleaved w/ boreal species in cover
Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris w/ Carpinus betulus
57b
148
Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris
58a
149
Lime tree-oak
Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides w/ Fraxinus excelsior, nemoral grass
58b
150
Quercus robur, Tilia cordata (dry grass) w/ Siberian species
151
Pine-broadleaved (Quercus mongolica, Tilia taquetii, Pinus koraiensis), fern-broadgrass
60a
152
Foothills and Mountains
Beech
Fagus sylvatica w/ Acer pseudoplatinus, Abies alba
60b
153
Fagus orientalis, w/ Carpinus caucasica in Crimea w/ C. betulus (without evergreen understory)
60v
154
Fagus orientalis usually w/ evergreen understory (Laurocerasus officinalis, Rhododendron ponticum)
61a
155
Oak and hornbeam-oak
Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus w/ Fagus sylvatica
61b
156
Quercus petraea, C. caucasica, in Crimea w/ C. betulus (without evergreen understory)
61v
157
Quercus robur, Carpinus caucasica, Acer laetum, Swida australis, Helleborus causcasicus
61g
158
semi-xerophytic Q. pubescens, short trees
61d
159
Quercus iberica, Carpinus caucasica w/ Acer laetum, A. hyrcanum, Fraxinus excelsior and rich in species in understory
61e
160
Quercus macranthera forest and open woodlands w/ steppe and subalpine meadow cover
62a
161
Broad-leaved-oak
Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra  w/ Ural species of tall grass
62b
162
Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, Betula davurica, grass often long-time existence in the place of pine - broadleaved forest
63a
163
Polydominant moist broadleaved
Quercus imeretina, Q. hartwissiana w/ Zelkova carpinifolia, Carpinus caucasica, Tilia begonifolia and evergreen understory
63b
164
Quercus casteneifolia, Parrotia parsica, Zelkova carpinifolia w/ evergreen species in understory
165
Pine- broadleaved (Quercus mongolica, Betula costata, Pinus koraiensis), tall grass
166
Walnut and apple trees (Juglans regia, Malus sieversii) and walnut-maple (Acer turkestanica, A. semenovii) combined w/ ephemeral- tall grass, open woodlands, and shrub communities
66a
167
STEPPES AND SECONDARY COMMUNITIES
Meadow steppes and steppe meadows
Diverse forb-grass + grass-divers forb (Festuca valesiaca, sp. of Stipa, Bromopsis, Carex, Helictotrichon, Phleum, Poa, Filifolium sibiricum, mesophytic and xeromesophytic diverse forbs) meadow steppe and steppe meadow combined w/ forests(forest steppe)
w/ Quercus robur
66b
168
Diverse forb-grass and grass-divers forb (Festuca valesiaca, species of Stipa, Bromopsis, Carex, Helictotrichon, Phleum, Poa, Filifolium sibiricum, mesophytic and xeromesophytic diverse forbs) meadow steppe and steppe meadow combined w/ forests (forest
w/ Quercus pubescens and participation of middle European and Mediterranean species
66v
169
w/ Betula pendula and Populus tremula (kolki)
66g
170
w/ Betula pendula, Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris
66d
171
w/ Larix gmelinii, Betula platyphylla and communities of Manchurian shrubs
67a
172
Typical steppes
Rich diverse forb (xeromesophytic diverse forb) - bunchgrass
Stipa tirsa, S. pulcherrima, Bromopsis riparia
67b
173
Stipa zalesskii, Helictotrichon schellianum, Phleum phleoides
67v
174
Stipa zalesskii, Helictotrichon desertorum, Carex pediformis, Caragana pumila, in places Peucedanum morisoni
68a
175
Diverse forbs (mesophytics diverse forbs)-bunchgrass and herb-bunchgrass
Stipa lessingiana, S. capillata, S. ucrainica
68b
176
Stipa zalesskii, S. korshinskyi, Helictotrichon desertorum
68v
Stipa baicalensis, Leymus chinensis, Filifolium sibiricum, Festuca lenensis
69a
177
Northern dry caespitose grasses and bunchgrass
Stipa urainica, S. lessingiana
69b
178
Stipa lessingiana, S. capillata, S. korshinskyi
69v
179
Stipa capillata, S. borysthenica, Spirea hypericifolia
69g
180
Stipa krylovii, Agropyron cristatum, Koeleria cristata, Cleistogenes squarrosa
69d
181
Stipa krylovii, S. baicalensis, Leymus chinensis, Festuca lenensis, species of Caragana
70a
182
Xerophytic diverse forb-southern dry bunchgrass
Stipa lessingiana, S. ucrainica, in places combined w/ communities of Artemisia taurica on solonetz
70b
183
Stipa lessingiana, S. sareptana in complex w/ communities of Artemisia pauciflora on solonetz
71a
184
Desertified
Semi-dwarf shrub-northern bunchgrass
Stipa lessingiana, Agropyron pactinata, Artemisia taurica, A. santonica
71b
185
Stipa lessingiana, S. sareptana, Artemisia lerchiana, A. taurica
71v
186
Stipa lessingiana, Agropyron desertorum, Artemisia lerchiana in complex w/ communities of Artemisia pauciflora, Tanacetum achilleifolium on solonetz
71g
187
Stipa lessingiana, Artemisia gracilescens, A. sublessingiana
71d
188
Stipa capillata, S. borysthenica, Artemisia sublessingiana
72a
189
Semi-dwarf shrub-southern bunchgrass
series of communities of Artemisia taurica, Festuca valesiaca, Agropyron pectinatum, Stipa lessingiana
72b
190
series of communities of Artemisia pauciflora * Tanacetum achilleifolium * Stipa sareptana, A. lerchiana
72v
191
series of communities of Stipa sareptana, Artemisia gracilescens * A. pauciflora * Atriplex cans * Anabasis salsa ??
73a
192
Foothils and Mountains
Meadow and rich diverse forb-bunchgrass (Festuca vaesiaca, species of Stipa, Heictotrichon, Carex, Phleum, mesophytic, xeromesophytic, and petrophytic diverse forb) in combination
w/ grass-diverse forb steppe meadows (Carex humilis, Brachypodium pinnatum)
73b
193
w/ communities of mountainous xerophytes and steppes of Bothriochloa ischaemum
73v
194
w/ communities of shrubs and woodlands of Betula pendula
73g
195
w/ communities of shrubs (Caragana arborescens), in places larch woodlands
73d
196
w/ juniper open woodland (Juniperus pseudosabina), communities of shrublands, in places w/ fir - spruce low woodlands
73e
197
w/ meadows in places w/ spruce low woodland
73m
198
w/ communities of shrublands and meadows
199
Shrub communities (species of Caragana, Amygdalus, Spiraea, Rosa) combined w/ meadow steppes
75a
200
Diverse forbs-bunchgrass and bunchgrass (species of Stipa, Koeleria, Festuca valesiaca, mesoxerophytic and petrophytic diverse forbs) combined w/ shrub communities
Stipa kirghisorum, S. capillata, Spirea hypericifolia
75b
201
Stipa zalesskii, S. capillata, Helictotrichon desertorum
75v
202
Stipa pennata, Spiraea trilobata, in places in combination w/ spruce-larch and larch woodlands
203
Shrub (calophaca soongorica, Caragana pygmaea), bunchgrass (Stipa capillata, Festuca valesiaca) in combination w/ petrophytic communities
77a
204
Short bunchgrass (Agropyron cristatum, Stipa krylovii)
w/ Artemisia elongata, A. borotolensis, in places w/ participation of shrubs (species of Caragana, Spiraea)
77b
205
combined w/ steppes of Stipa glareosa and petrophytic communities
77v
206
w/ Cleitogenes squarrosa and shrubs (Caragana bungei, C. pygmaea)
78a
207
Semi-dwarf shrub-desertified bunchgrass-desert
Stipa caucasica, S. capillata, Artemisia issykkulensis w/ participation of mountainous xerophytes
78b
208
Stipa capillata, Festuca valesiaca, Artemisia transiliensis w/ participation of petrophytic shrubs
78v
209
Stipa glareosa, Nenophyton erinaceum, Anabasis brevifolia
79a
210
Ephemeral-bunchgrass (Festuca valesiaca, Bothriochloa ischaemum, species of Artemisia, Stipa, ephemerous ephemerals)
Stipa capillata, S. kirghisorum, Elytrigia trichophora, Poa bulbosa, ephemeral and steppe diverse forbs, shrublands
79b
211
Stipa caucasica, Agropyron cristatum, Artemisia trichophora, Poa bulbosa, ephemeral and steppe diverse forbs, shrublands
79v
212
Stipa capillata, Artemisia transiliensis, A. polysticha, A. valida, Poa bulbosa, ephemerous and petrophytic shrubs
213
Altitudinal
Mountainous xerophytic-bunchgrass (Festuca musbelica, Stipa trichoides, Cousinia pannosa, species of Acantholimon)
214
Cryophytic diverse forbs-bunchgrass (Festuca musbelica, F. olgae, Helictotrichon tianschanicum, Phlomis oreophila, Ligularia alpigena), in places w/ participation of crooked juniper woodlands (Juniperus pseudosabina)
82a
215
Cushion bungrass
Festuca musbelica, F. olgae, Artemisia rhodantha, Oxytropis chionobia
82b
216
Hordeum turkestanicum, Poa litvinoviana, Festuca musbelica, Acantholimon diapensioides
83a
217
DESERTS
North
Sagebrush w/ grasses (Stipa sareptana and ?) in complex w/ sagebrush and saltwort
Artemisia lerchiana, Poa bulbosa, Agropyron fragile * Artemisia pauciflora * Anabasis salsa
83b
218
Artemisia terrae-albae, Poa bulbosa * Artemisia semiarida, Poa bulbosa * Anabasis aphylla
83v
219
Artemisia semiarida, Stipa kirghisorum * Artemisia sublessingiana, A. terrae - albae, Salsola arbusculiformis, Stipa kirghisorum, S. richterana
83g
220
Artemisia sublessingiana * Nanophyton erinaceum, Parmelia vagans
84a
221
Saltwort in complex w/ halophytic sagebrush
Anabasis salsa * Atriplex cana * Artemisia pauciflora
84b
222
Anabasis salsa * Atriplex cana * Nanophyton erinaceum * Artemisia schrenkiana
85a
223
? (Agropyron fragile)-sand sagebrush, ?-? (Ceratoides paposa) - psammophytic shrub
Calligonum aphyllum, Artemisia arenaria, A. lerchiana
85b
224
Calligonum aphyllum, Artemisia arenaria
85v
225
Calligonum rubicundum, Hedysarum scoparium, Artemisia xanthochroa
86a
226
Middle
Saltwort in complex w/ sagebrush
Anabasis salsa * Artemisia terrae-albae, Salsola orientalis
86b
227
Anabasis salsa * Salsola arbusculiformis * Artemisia terrae-albae
86v
228
Salsola arbusculiformis * Anabasis salsa * Artemisia turanica
86g
229
Nanophyton erinaceum * Anabasis elatior * Anthrophytuim balchaschense * Salsola laricifolia, Iljinia regelii * Salsola arbusculiformis, Artemisia heptapotamica
230
Sagebrush-Haloxylon (Haloxylon aphyllum, Artemisia terrae-albae) w/ Salsola orientalis
88a
231
Sand sagebrush-? (Ceratoides papposa)-psammophytic shrub (species of Calligonum), ? (Haloxylon persicum, H. aphyllum)
Artemisia santolina, A. kelleri, Astragalus ammodendron, Atraphaxis replicata
88b
232
Artemisia terrae-albae var. massagetovii, A. diffusa
88v
233
Artemisia songarica, A. albicerata, Astragalus brachypus
234
Southern
Saltwort (Salsola gemmascens, S. orientalis, Anabasis salsa) in complex w/ sagebrush (Artemisia kemrudica)
90a
235
Sagebrush
Artemisia kemrudica w/ Salsola orientalis, S. arbuscula
90b
236
Artemisia diffusa, A. turanica w/ Salsola arbuscula, S. orientalis, Astragalus villosissimus, Convolvulus hamadae
237
?-? (Haloxylon aphyllum, Salsola orientalis) w/ Artemisia Kemrudica
92a
238
Sedge (Carex physodes)-psammophytic shrubs (species of Calligonum, Ephedra strobilacea, Salsola arbuscula) - Saxual
Haloxylon persicum w/ Artemisia santolina, A. kemrudica
92b
239
Haloxylon persicum w/ H. aphyllum w/ Artemisia arenicola
92v
240
Haloxylon persicum w/ Artemisia diffusa
93a
241
Sedge (Carex physodes)-psammophytic shrubs (species of Calligonum, Ammodendron conollyi, Salsola arbuscula, Ephedra strobilacea)
Salsola richteri * Artemisia dimoana * Stipagrostis karelinii
93b
242
Astragalus ammodendron * Artemisia santolina, A. kemrudica, A. arenicola
93v
243
Astragalus villosissimus * Convolvulus hamadae * Artemisia diffusa
94a
244
"Few years" and thallus
annual sagebrush - ? (Eremopyrum orientale, Halochharis hispida, Salsola sclerantha)
94b
245
algae (Microcoleus vaginatus, Phormidium autoumnale, P. paulsenianum) and lichens (Diploschistes scrupposus, Psora decipiens, Fulgensia fulgens)
95a
246
Ephemeral-sagebrush
Artemesia fragrans, Poa bulbosa, Catabrosella humilis
95b
247
Artemisia kemrudica, Poa bulbosa w/ Salsola orientalis, S. gemmascens
95v
248
Artemesia turanica, Salsola orientalis, Poa bulbosa, Carex pachystylis
95g
249
Artemisia diffusa, A. turanica, Carex pachystylis, Poa bulbosa w/ Salsola orientalis, S. arbuscula, Stipa hohenackerana
95d
250
Artemesia terrae-albae, Poa bulbosa, Catabrosella humilis, Carex pachystylis w/ Salsola arbusculiformis, S. orientalis
95e
251
Artemesia diffusa, Carex pachystylis, C. physodes, Poa bulbosa w/ Lagonychium farctum * Hammada leptoclada
252
Ephemeral-saltwort (Salsola nodulosa, S. ericoides, S. dendroides, Poa bulbosa, Catabrosella humilis) and ephemeral-sagebrush (Artemisia szowitziana, Poa bulbosa, Catabrosella humilis)
97a
253
Ephemeral-feathergrass-sagebrush
Artemesia semiarida, A. sublessingiana, Stipa hohenackerana, S. richterana, S. macroglossa, Poa bulbosa, Carex pachystylis
97b
254
Artemesia terrae-albae, A. sublessingiana, Stipa sareptana, S. richterana, Poa bulbosa
97v
255
Artemesia heptapotamica, Stipa sareptana, S. richterana
256
Ephemeral-psammophytic shrub-"white saxual" (Haloxylon persicum, Calligonum leucocladum, C. setosum, Astragalus paucijugus, Carex physodes, Poa bulbosa)
99a
257
Ephemeral-psammophytic shrub
Calligonum setosum, C. microcarpum, C. eriopodum, Astragalus, Salsola richteri, Carex physodes, Poa bulbosa
99b
258
Calligonum leucocladum, C. caput-medusae, Ammodendron conollyi, Salsola arbuscula, Astragalus villosissimus, Carex physodes, Poa bulbosa
99v
259
Calligonum aphyllum, Ammodendron bifolium, Astragalus brachypus, Ceratoides papposa, Ephedra lomatolepis, Salsola richteri, Carex pachystylis, Poa bulbosa, Catabrosella humilis
99g
260
Calligonum microcarpum, Salsola richteri, Lagonychium farctum, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Carex pachystylis, C. physodes
100a
261
Semi-dwarf shrub, in places w/ grasses
Sympegma regelii, Reaumuria kaschgarica, Artemesia issykkulensis, Stipa desertorum, in places w/ shrubs
100b
262
Suaeda physophora, Kalidium caspicum, Artemisia nigricans, Stipa caucasica w/ participation of ephemerous and ephemerals
101a
263
Semi-dwarf shrub and grass - semi-dwarf shrub (Ceratoides papposa, Stipa orientalis, S. glareosa)
w/ Artemisia skorniakovii, Christollea crassifolia
101b
264
w/ Xylanthemum pamiricum and mountain xerophytes
265
OPEN WOOD, SHRUB, DWARF SHRUB COMMUNITIES WITH EPHEMEROUS - EPHEMERAL COVERS (SAVANNOIDS)
Mesophytic open wood and shrub (Acer turkestanicum, Juniperus seravschanica, species of Cotoneaster, Rosa, Lonicera) w/ tall grass (Prangos pabularia, Polygonum coriarium, Dactylis glomerata) cover
103a
266
Xeromesophytic open wood and shrub w/ tallgrass (Elytrigia trichophora, Hordeum bulbosum) cover
w/ Acer turcomanicum, Amygdalus turcomanica, in places w/ mountain xerophytes
103b
267
w/ Pistacia vera, Amygdalus bucharica, Cercis griffithii, w/ species of Artemisia, ephemeral diverse forbs
103v
268
w/ Juniperus seravschanica, Acer pubescens, Rosa maracandica, w/ species of Artemisia, Festuca valesiaca and mountain xerophytes
103g
269
w/ Malus sieversii, Acer semenovii, Exochorda albertii, w/ ephemeral tall grass, in places combined w/ woodlands of Juglans regia
104a
270
Xeromesophytic open wood, shrub and semi-dwarf shrub w/ shortgrass (Poa bulbosa, Carex pachystylis) cover w/ participation of tall grass
w/ Artemisia turcomanica, A. badhysia, Zygophyllum atriplicoides, Atraphaxis replicata, series of Ferula, Eremusus combined w/ mountain xerophytic vegetation
104b
271
w/ Pistacia vera, Ferula badhysi
104v
272
w/ Ferula oopoda, Delphinium semibarbatum
104g
273
w/ Pistacia vera, Amygdalus bucharica, Atraphaxis pyrifolia, Ferula diversivittata, species of Artemisia
104d
274
w/ Psoralea drupacea, species of Phlomis, Eremurus, Artemisia, in places w/ Hordeum bulbosum, Elytrigia trichophora
104e
275
w/ Artemisia vachanica, Eremurus stenophyllus, species of Nievskiella, Anisantha combined w/ petrophytic shrub community (Ampelopsis aegyrophylla, species of Ephedra, Rosa)
105a
276
Shortgrass and semi-dwarf shrub-shortgrass (Poa bulbosa, Carex pachystylis, species of Bromus, Artemisia, xerophytic diverse forb)
Eremostachys napuligera, Ferula oopoda, species of Anisantha, Aphanopleura
105b
277
Artemisia badhysi, Delphinium semibarbatum, species of Alyssum, Ziziphora
105v
278
Artemisia sogdiana, A. scotina, Phlomis thapsoides, species of Aegilops, Taeniatherum
279
OPEN WOOD AND MOUNTAIN XEROPHYTIC - STEPPE VEGETATION (PHRYGANOID)
Juniper (Juniperus turkestanica, J. semiglobosa) open woodlands w/ meadow steppe cover (Festuca valesiaca, sp. of Stipa, Helictotrichon, Bromopsis, Geranium), in places w/ participation of mountain xerophytes combined w/ steppes and shrub communities
280
Juniper (Juniperus polycarpos, J. foetidissima) open woodlands w/ mountain xerophytic cover (Festuca valesiaca, species of Stipa, Acantholimon, Onobrychis, Astragalus)
108a
281
Juniper open woodlands w/ ephemeral xerophytic cover (Festuca valesiaca, Elytrigia trichophora, species of Artemisia, Stipa, Acantholimon, Astracantha) combined w/ shrub communities and mountain xerophytic-steppe communities
Juniperus turcomanica
108b
282
Juniperus semiglobosa
109a
283
Mountain xerophytic-steppe communities
Stipa tirsa, S. pontica, S. capillata, Bothriochloa ischaemum, species of Thymus, Astragalus
109b
284
species of Astragalus, Acantholimon, Stipa capillata, Festuca valesiaca, Celtis caucasica
109v
285
Artemisia ciniformis, A. turcomanica, Festuca valesiaca, Poa bulbosa, species of Astracantha, Acantholimon, Juniperus turcomanica combined w/ tall grass savannoids
109g
286
Artemisia glaucina, A. prolixa, Stipa caucasica, Agropyron cristatum, Festuca valesiaca, species of Acantholimon, Cousinia, in places w/ Juniperus semiglobosa
109d
287
Artemisia korshinskyi, Stipa turkestanica, Festuca valesiaca, Eremogone griffithii, species of Acantholimon, Cousinia, Astragalus, in places w/ Juniperus schugnanica
288
BOGS
Grass and hypnum-grass
110a
289
sedge-cottongrass w/ Carex stans, Eriophorum, Dupontia fisheri
110b
290
small and tall sedges w/ Carex nigra, C. lasiocarpa, C. rostrata, Equisetum fluviatile, Menyanthes trifoliata
110v
291
hummock-ridge, eutrophic
110g
292
sedge-hypnum and sedge- sphagnum
110d
293
grass-sedge w/ Carex omskiana, Agrostis stolonifera
110e
294
reed-sedge combined w/ riam
110m
295
reed-Calamagrostis-sedge combined w/ waterlogged meadow on solonetz soil
110z
296
sedge and Calamagrostis
297
Complex grass-dwarf shrub-lichen-moss, polygonal
112a
298
Grass-dwarf shrub-lichen-moss mound
w/ Betula nana, without wood
112b
299
w/ Betula nana, in places w/ Pinus sibirica
112v
300
w/ Betula exilis, in places w/ Larix gmelinii
112g
301
w/ Larix gmelinii, Sphagnum orientale
302
Grass-hypnum-sphagnum, hummock-ridge aapa bog
114a
303
Moss-lichens-sphagnum ridge-pond-hummock ?
w/ Calluna vulgais, Empetrum nigrum, Baeothyron cespitosum, Carex rariflora, Sphagnum lindbergii
114b
304
w/ Calluna vulgaris Baeothyron cespitosum, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum magellanicum, S. rubellum
114v
305
w/ Sphagnum fuscum, S. lenense
114g
306
w/ Empetrum nigrum, Carex middendorffii (coating??)
114d
307
w/ Chamaedaphne calyculata combined w/ lakes
115a
308
Sphagnum hummock-ridge and ridge-pond ?
w/ Calluna vulgaris, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Sphagnum majus, S. fuscum
115b
309
w/ Chamaedaphne calyculata, Sphagnum majus, S. fuscum
115v
310
in places w/ Pinus sibirica combined w/ pine-dwarf shrub-sphagnum
115g
311
w/ Pinus sylvestris, in places w/ P. sibirica combined w/ eutrophic-mesoeutrophic hummock-ridge
115d
312
w/ Pinus sylvestris, Ledum palustre, Sphagnum magellanicum
115e
313
uncomplex dwarf shrub-sphagnum, in places w/ Larix sibirica or L. gmelinii
116a
314
Grass-sphagnum and dwarf shrub-grass-sphagnum transitional
w/ Carex lasiocarpa, C. Rostrata, Scheuchzeria palustris, Sphagnum fallax, without wood
116b
315
w/ Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris
116v
316
pond-topogenous mire w/ Myrica tomentosa
116g
317
w/ Larix cajanderi
116d
318
hummock-ridge w/ Sphagnum obtusum, S. orientale
117a
319
Wooded topogenous mire
w/ Betula pubescens
117b
320
w/ Picea abies x P. obovata, P. obovata, Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris
117v
321
w/ Alnus glutinosa, Betula pubescens, Picea abies, P. abies x P. obovata
117g
322
w/ Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior
117d
323
w/ Betula pubescens and Pinus sylvestris
118a
324
SHRUB VEGETATION
Shrub communities
dwarf birch thicket (Betula humilis, B. exilis) often combined w/ sphagnum bogs
118b
325
dwarf birch thicket (Betula ovafolia, B. fruticosa) and willow shrub (Salix brachypoda, S. abscondita), in places combined w/ meadows and ? bogs
118v
326
dwarf birch thicket (Betula fruticosa, B. exilis) of mountain hollows and river valleys combined bogs and waterlogged meadows
119a
327
HALOPHYTIC VEGETATION
Diverse forb and grass halophytic meadows
w/ Puccinellia phryganodes, P. angustata, Dupontia psilosantha, D. fisheri combined w/ tundra
119b
328
w/ Puccinellia distans, Agrostis stolonifera, Triglochin maritima combined w/ halophytic steppe communities
119v
329
w/ Puccinellia tenuissima, Leymus paboanus, Artemisia nitrosa, Galatella biflora combined w/ halophytic meadow steppes
120a
330
Ecological series of perennial saltwort, annual saltwort, halophytic grass, halophytic semi-dwarf shrub, halophytic shrub communities combined w/ solonchaks without vegetation
series of annual saltwort (Salicornia europaea, Suaeda crniculata)-halophytic semi-dwarf shrub (Halimione verrucifera) - halophytic diverse forb-grass (species of Puccinellia, Hordeum brevisubulatum, Saussurea amara, Tripolium vulgare) communities
120b
331
series of annual and perennial saltwort (Salicornia europaea, Halocnemum strobilaaceum, species of Suaeda, Halimione verrucifera) [see next field for continuation]
- halophytic sagebrush (Artemisia santonica) - halophytic diverse forbs-gras (species of Puccinellia, Elytrigia elongata) communities
120v
332
series of annual and perennial saltwort (Salicornia europaea, Halocnemum strobilaaceum, species of Suaeda, Camphorosma lessingii, Halimione verrucifera, Petrosimonia litwinowii, P. brachyphylla) [see next field for continuation]
- halophytic sagebrush (Artemisia nitrosa) - halophytic diverse forb - grass (species of Puccinellia, Leymus, Achnatherum splendens) communities
120g
333
series of annual and perennial saltwort (Salicornia europaea, Halocnemum strobilaaceum, annual species of Suaeda, species of Kalidium, Climacoptera, Salsola, Suaeda physophora) [see next field for continuation]
- halophytic grass (species of Aeluropus, Achnatherum splendens) - halophytic semi-dwarf shrub (Atriplex cana, Anabasis salsa) communities
120d
334
series of annual and perennial saltwort (Salicornia europaea, Halopeplis pygmaea, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Halostachys caspica, species of Climacoptera, annual species of Suaeda, Suaeda microphylla) [see next field for continuation]
- halophytic grass (species of Aeluropus) - halophytic shrub and halophytic semi-dwarf shrub (Salsola dendroides, species of Tamarix, Reaumuria) communities
120e
335
series of perennial saltwort (Halocnemum strobilaaceum) halophytic shrub (Nitraria schoberi, species of Tamarix) [see next field for continuation]
- psammophytic dwarf shrub and psammophytic shrub (Artemisia santolina, A, kelleri, Astragalus ammodendron, Salsola richteri) communities
121a
336
ECODYNAMIC SERIES OF FLOODPLAIN COMMUNITIES, SECONDARY (ANTHROPOGENIC) MEADOWS AND AGRICULTURAL LAND
Meadow-bog-shrub series w/ participation of willow shrub-dwarf birch thicket, tundra
w/ Salix phylicifolia, S. lapponum, S. viminalis
121b
337
w/ Salix viminalis
121v
338
w/ Salix lanata, S. reptans
122a
339
Weedy (Arctophila fulva, Agrostis stolonifera) - meadow (Carex aquatilis, Calamagrostis langsdorffii) - small-leaved (Betula pendula) - confierous series
w/ Larix sibirica, Picea obovata
122b
340
w/ Pinus sibirica, P. sylvestris
123a
341
Shrub - coniferous series
w/ Picea abies x P. obovata
123b
342
w/ Picea obovata, Abies sibirica
123v
343
w/ Picea obovata, Abies sibirica, Pinus sibiricia and meadows (Carex acuta, Phalaroides arundinacea)
123g
344
w/ Picea obovata, Larix sibirica or L. gmelinii
123d
345
346
Shrub - small-leaved (Populus sauveolens, Chosenia arbutifolia) - coniferous (Larix gmelinii, Picea obovata) series
125a
347
Shrub - broadleaved - coniferous series
w/ Picea abies x P. obovata, Quercus robur
125b
348
w/ Picea abies x P. obovata, Abies sibirica, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata
126a
349
Shrub - broadleaved series
w/ Quercus robur, Alnus glutinosa ("bogged up")
126b
350
w/ Quercus robur, Populus nigra
126v
351
w/ Quercus robur, Populus nigra, P. alba
126g
352
w/ Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis w/ participation of meadow steppes of Festuca valesiaca
126d
353
w/ Quercus robur, Ulmus carpinifolia
126e
354
w/ Quercus pedunculiflora, Ulmus carpinifolia
126m
355
w/ Quercus mongolica
126z
356
w/ Ulmus japonica, Faxinus mandshurica
357
Shurb - small leaved (Betula pendula, Populus tremula, P. nigra, P. alba) series
128a
358
Halophytic meadow - tugai series
w/ Eleagnus angustifolia and species of Salix, Achnatherum splendens
128b
359
w/ Populus pruinosa, P. diversifolia, Erianthus ravennae
129a
360
Shrub - small leaved - steppe meadow series
w/ Salix alba, Betula pendula, Populus nigra, Poa angustifolia, Phleum phleoides
129b
361
w/ Populus suaveolens, Leymus chinensis, Poa botryoides, Carex duriuscula
130a
362
Meadow series
w/ Elytrigia repens
130b
363
w/ Carex rostrata, C. cespitosa, Glyceria spiculosa
130v
364
w/ Calamagrostis langsdorffii
365
Reed thicket on floodplain w/ longterm inundation (plauni) and lakes
366
Reed thicket and halophytic grass meadows combined w/ halophytic communities on solonetz and solonchak
367
Ice and Glaciers
368
Marshy Agriculture
Marshy Agriculture ("agricultural lands replacing dried up bogs")
369
Ancient Irrigrated Agricultural Lands
370
Solonchak lakes without vegetation (salt mud flats)
371
Unclassified Islands
372
Water
373
Unclassified or undecipherable polygons