BOREAS TE-06 Allometry Data Summary The BOREAS TE-06 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on the plant biomass, allometry, biometry, sapwood, leaf area index, net primatry production, soil temperature, leaf water potential, soil CO2 flux, and multivegetation imagery of boreal vegetation. This data set includes tree measurements conducted on the above gound biomass of trees in the BOREAS NSA and SSA during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995 and the derived allometric relationships/equations. Table of Contents * 1 Data Set Overview * 2 Investigator(s) * 3 Theory of Measurements * 4 Equipment * 5 Data Acquisition Methods * 6 Observations * 7 Data Description * 8 Data Organization * 9 Data Manipulations * 10 Errors * 11 Notes * 12 Application of the Data Set * 13 Future Modifications and Plans * 14 Software * 15 Data Access * 16 Output Products and Availability * 17 References * 18 Glossary of Terms * 19 List of Acronyms * 20 Document Information 1. Data Set Overview 1.1 Data Set Identification BOREAS TE-06 Allometry Data 1.2 Data Set Introduction Allometric measurements were conducted on above-ground biomass of trees at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA) and Northern Study Area (NSA) as part of an effort by the BOREAS Terrestrial Ecology (TE)-06 team to develop allometric equations for various Canadian boreal forest types. For specific site and species information, please see Section 7.2.1. The mathematical relationship between two phenotypic traits is referred to as an allometric relationship. An allometric relationship is often used to estimate a not-so-easily measured variable from an easily measured variable. In the case of this study, it is the use of diameter at breast height (DBH) -1.37 m to describe the leaf area, sapwood volume, or some other biomass component of each individual tree. 1.3 Objective/Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop allometric equations for the predominant tree species at the Tower Flux (TF) and Carbon Evaluation (CEV) sites. 1.4 Summary of Parameters The data records include measurements of DBH, total height of tree, height to the base of live crown, biomass parameters (new foliage, previous year's foliage, total foliage, new branch, previous year's branch, total branch, live stem), sapwood volume, leaf areas (new foliage, previous year's foliage, and total foliage), min and max tree diameters (base and at 137 cm), tissue type, and regression equation parameters (slope, Y-intercept, second slope, r-squared, mean square error, correction factor, and equation). 1.5 Discussion Biomass, sapwood volume, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) are important, if not defining, characteristics of forests. To describe these characteristics, researchers often rely on allometric equations that provide an easily measured variable (i.e., DBH) as a surrogate to actually measuring each tree's variable of interest (i.e., biomass, sapwood volume, leaf area). These equations have been used to estimate biomass and net primary productivity at the TF, CEV, and auxiliary (AUX) sites. Tree species studied at these sites were Picea mariana (black spruce), Populus tremuloides (aspen), Pinus banksiana (jack pine), and Picea glauca (white spruce). For specific site and species information, please see Section 7.2.1. 1.6 Related Data Sets BOREAS RSS-04 1994 Southern Study Area Jack Pine LAI and FPAR Data BOREAS TE-06 1994 Soil and Air Temperatures in the NSA BOREAS TE-06 Predawn Leaf Water Potentials and Foliage Moisture Contents BOREAS TE-06 Multiband Vegetation Imager Data BOREAS TE-06 NPP for the Tower Flux, Carbon Evaluation, and Auxiliary Sites BOREAS TE-06 Biomass and Foilage Area Data 2. Investigator(s) 2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title Stith T. Gower Professor 2.2 Title of Investigation Measurement and Scaling of Carbon Budgets for Contrasting Boreal Forest Sites 2.3 Contact Information Contact 1: Stith T. Gower Madison, WI (608) 262-0532 stgower@facstaff.wisc.edu Contact 2: Jason G. Vogel Madison, WI (608) 262 6369 vogel@calshp.cals.wisc.edu Contact 3: Andrea Papagno Raytheon ITSS NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-3134 (301) 286-0239 (fax) Andrea.Papagno@gsfc.nasa.gov Contact 4: Shelaine Curd Raytheon ITSS NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-2447 (301) 286-0239 (fax) shelaine.curd@gsfc.nasa.gov 3. Theory of Measurements To develop allometric equations for the BOREAS TF and CEV sites, the TE-06 team dissected, weighed, and measured 8-10 trees and derived least-squares regression equations to predict the values of all components from the diameter of the tree at breast height or 1.37 m. The site-specific allometric equations (see Sections 7.2.1 and 9.1) in conjunction with the plot inventories were used to estimate stand-level values for overstory biomass, increment, sapwood volume, and LAI. 4. Equipment 4.1 Instrument Description Chainsaw, diameter tape, 30-kg scale, 1000-g scale, 20-m measuring tape, spray paint, leaf area meter, Q-Beam light source, and tarps. 4.1.1 Collection Environment Measurements were made under a variety of field conditions that had no effect on the quality of estimates. 4.1.2 Source/Platform None given. 4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives None given. 4.1.4 Key Variables See Section 7.3. 4.1.5 Principles of Operation None given. 4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry None given. 4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument Leaf Area Meter 3100 LI-COR, Inc. P.O. Box 4425 4421 Superior Street Lincoln, NE 68504 (402) 467-3576 (402) 467-2819 (fax) Q-Beam 2001 Light Source Quantum Devices, Inc. Barneveld, WI 4.2 Calibration 4.2.1 Specifications None given. 4.2.1.1 Tolerance None given. 4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration None given. 4.2.3 Other Calibration Information None given. 5. Data Acquisition Methods Above-ground biomass of tree components (stem, branch, new twig, foliage, and new foliage), sapwood volume, and leaf area were determined by destructive analysis. In early August 1994 (before leaf fall), two dominant, three codominant, three intermediate, and two suppressed trees representative of the range of diameters of live trees were destructively sampled from the dominant species at each site. For specific site and species information, please see Section 7.2.1. Exceptions included the two mixed species stands (U6W5S and D9I1M) and a high-density aspen stand (B9B7A). Six jack pine and six black spruce trees were harvested at U6W5S and five aspen and eight white spruce trees were harvested at D9I1M. Only five trees were harvested at the extensive site, B9B7A in Prince albert National Park (PANP) because of park regulations. Another harvest was executed at the SSA Old Jack Pine site (OJP) in August 1995 to better quantify the leaf area and foliage biomass of these stands. Trees were cut at the soil surface, and total tree height and length of the live crown were measured. The live crown was marked into thirds (top, middle, and lower), and all live branches from each position were cut and weighed separately. Dead branches were weighed for the entire canopy. One branch from each canopy position was randomly selected for detailed analysis in the field immediately after each tree was felled. Aspen branch samples were divided into foliated twig and nonfoliage-bearing branches. Jack pine sample branches were divided into current, 1-, 2-, 3-, and > 4-yr.-old shoots (needles + twig) and nonfoliage-bearing sample branches. Black spruce and white spruce sample branches were divided into current, 1-2, 3-4, and >5 yr.-old shoots and nonfoliage-bearing sample branches. The pile of foliage- bearing twigs was mixed thoroughly, and approximately 30-50 shoots were selected from each shoot age class from each canopy position. The fresh mass of each component was determined using an electronic balance, and the sample was placed in a labeled bag and stored in a cold room until it was transported to Madison, WI. Approximately 5-10 shoots were used for specific leaf area measurement and moisture content determination of the leaf and wood tissue. The methodology for determining specific leaf area can be found in Chen et al., 1997; all leaf area measurements are on a half-surface area. At the young aged stands (Young Jack Pine (YJP) and U6W5S) that contained many small trees, the stems were cut in 1-m sections and weighed on an electronic balance. At all other sites, stems were cut in 2-m sections and weighed using a 30- or 100-kg capacity balance. A 2-cm thick disk was taken from the base of each stem section and weighed on an electronic balance. Additional disks were taken from the base of the tree, breast height (1.37 m), and base of live crown for sapwood area measurements. The dry mass of each stem section was calculated by multiplying the wet mass of each stem section by the dry:wet ratio of each stem disk and the total dry mass of a stem was calculated by summing the dry mass of all stem sections. All fresh samples were stored at 4-6 °C in walk-in coolers at the end of each day. Samples were transported from Canada to Madison, WI, in an insulated, ice- cooled truck. In Madison, all samples to be dried were immediately placed in a walk-in, forced-air drying oven and dried at 70 °C to a constant mass. Sapwood area disks were stored at 2 °C until processed. The sapwood-heartwood boundary was determined by placing a Q-Beam 2001 (Quantum Devices, Inc., Barneveld, WI) light source behind each sapwood disk and marking the boundary with a permanent pen. This technique provided reliable estimates of sapwood area for conifers but was less so for aspen. It was, however, more rapid than using stains and provided comparable estimates for all trees. The sapwood image was photocopied on clear acetate sheets, labeled, cut out, and spray-painted black. The area of each sapwood image was measured using a LI-COR 3100 area meter (LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE). Sapwood volume was calculated following Gower et al. (1997). 6. Observations 6.1 Data Notes None given. 6.2 Field Notes None given. 7. Data Description 7.1 Spatial Characteristics 7.1.1 Spatial Coverage The trees selected for the allometric harvest were chosen because they represented a range of size classes of the trees found within the plots established at each site. The plot locations were chosen because they represented the forest within the Wind Aligned Blob (WAB). The WAB was the area around a flux tower where most of the measured fluxes originated. During BOREAS, access to this area was limited to prevent contamination of flux measurements. The measurement sites and associated North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are: SSA-9OA-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: C3B7T, Lat/Long: 53.62889° N, 106.19779° W, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 13, N: 5942899.9, E: 420790.5 SSA-YJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: F8L6T, Lat/Long: 53.87581° N, 104.64529° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5969762.5, E: 523320.2 SSA-OJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: G2L3T, Lat/Long: 53.91634° N, 104.69203° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5974257.5, E: 520227.7 SSA-OBS-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: G8I4T, Lat/Long: 53.98717° N, 105.11779° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5982100.5, E: 492276.5 NSA-OBS-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: T3R8T, Lat/Long: 55.88007° N, 98.48139° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6192853.4, E: 532444.5 NSA-OJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: T7Q8T, Lat/Long: 55.92842° N, 98.62396° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6198176.3, E: 523496.2 NSA-YJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: T8S9T, Lat/Long: 55.89575° N, 98.28706° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6194706.9, E: 544583.9 SSA-ASP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: B9B7A, Lat/Long: 53.59098° N, 106.18693° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5938447.2, E: 421469.8 SSA-9BS-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: D0H6S, Lat/Long: 53.64877° N, 105.29534° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5944263.4, E: 480508.7 SSA-ASP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: D6L9A, Lat/Long: 53.66879° N, 104.6388° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5946733.2, E: 523864 SSA-ASP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: D9G4A, Lat/Long: 53.74019° N, 105.46929° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5954718.4, E: 469047.1 SSA-ASP-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: E7C3A, Lat/Long: 53.84741° N, 106.08112° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5966863.1, E: 428905.9 SSA-MIX-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: F1N0M, Lat/Long: 53.80594° N, 104.533° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5962031.8, E: 530753.7 SSA-9JP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: F5I6P, Lat/Long: 53.86608° N, 105.11175° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5968627.1, E: 492651.3 SSA-9JP-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: F7J0P, Lat/Long: 53.88336° N, 105.05115° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5970323.3, E: 496667 SSA-9JP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: F7J1P, Lat/Long: 53.88211° N, 105.03226° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5970405.6, E: 497879.4 SSA-9JP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: G1K9P, Lat/Long: 53.9088° N, 104.74812° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5973404.5, E: 516546.7 SSA-9BS-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: G2I4S, Lat/Long: 53.93021° N, 105.13964° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5975766.3, E: 490831.4 SSA-9BS-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: G2L7S, Lat/Long: 53.90349° N, 104.63785° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5972844.3, E: 523793.6 SSA-MIX-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: G4I3M, Lat/Long: 53.9375° N, 105.14246° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5976354.9, E: 490677.3 SSA-9JP-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: G4K8P, Lat/Long: 53.91883° N, 104.76401° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5974516.6, E: 515499.1 SSA-9BS-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: G6K8S, Lat/Long: 53.94446° N, 104.759° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5977146.9, E: 515847.9 SSA-9JP-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: G7K8P, Lat/Long: 53.95882° N, 104.77148° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5978963.8, E: 514994.2 SSA-9JP-AUX08, Op. Grid ID: G8L6P, Lat/Long: 53.96558° N, 104.63755° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5979752.7, E: 523778 SSA-9BS-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: G9I4S, Lat/Long: 53.99877° N, 105.11805° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5983169.1, E: 492291.2 SSA-9JP-AUX09, Op. Grid ID: G9L0P, Lat/Long: 53.97576° N, 104.73779° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5980856, E: 517197.7 SSA-9BS-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: H1E4S, Lat/Long: 54.04093° N, 105.73581° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5988326.1, E: 451815.7 SSA-MIX-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: H2D1M, Lat/Long: 54.06535° N, 105.92706° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5991190.3, E: 439327.7 SSA-9BS-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: H2D1S, Lat/Long: 54.06199° N, 105.92545° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5990814.4, E: 439428.1 SSA-MIX-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: H3D1M, Lat/Long: 54.066° N, 105.92982° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5991042.3, E: 439178.4 SSA-9JP-AUX10, Op. Grid ID: I2I8P, Lat/Long: 54.11181° N, 105.05107° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5995963.1, E: 496661.4 NSA-ASP-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: P7V1A, Lat/Long: 55.50253° N, 98.07478° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6151103.7, E: 558442.1 NSA-MIX-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: Q1V2M, Lat/Long: 55.54568° N, 98.03769° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6155937.3, E: 560718.3 NSA-9JP-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: Q3V3P, Lat/Long: 55.55712° N, 98.02473° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6157222.2, E: 561517.9 NSA-ASP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: R8V8A, Lat/Long: 55.67779° N, 97.8926° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6170774.8, E: 569638.4 NSA-9BS-AUX01, Op. Grid ID: S8W0S, Lat/Long: 55.76824° N, 97.84024° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6180894.9, E: 572761.9 NSA-ASP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: S9P3A, Lat/Long: 55.88576° N, 98.87621° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193371.6, E: 507743.3 NSA-MIX-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: T0P5M, Lat/Long: 55.88911° N, 98.85662° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193747.3, E: 508967.7 NSA-9BS-AUX08, Op. Grid ID: T0P7S, Lat/Long: 55.88371° N, 98.82345° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193151.1, E: 511043.9 NSA-9BS-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: T0P8S, Lat/Long: 55.88351° N, 98.80225° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193132, E: 512370.1 NSA-9BS-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: T0W1S, Lat/Long: 55.78239° N, 97.80937° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6182502, E: 574671.7 NSA-9OA-9TETR, Op. Grid ID: T2Q6A, Lat/Long: 55.88691° N, 98.67479° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6193540.7, E: 520342 NSA-9BS-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: T3U9S, Lat/Long: 55.83083° N, 97.98339° W, UTM 14, N: 6187719.2, E: 563679.1 NSA-ASP-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: T4U5A, Lat/Long: 55.84757° N, 98.04329° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6189528.2, E: 559901.6 NSA-9BS-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: T4U8S, Lat/Long: 55.83913° N, 97.99325° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6188633.4, E: 563048.2 NSA-9BS-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: T4U9S, Lat/Long: 55.83455° N, 97.98364° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6188132.8, E: 563657.5 NSA-9BS-AUX14, Op. Grid ID: T5Q7S, Lat/Long: 55.9161° N, 98.64022° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196800.5, E: 522487.2 NSA-9BS-9TETR, Op. Grid ID: T6R5S, Lat/Long: 55.90802° N, 98.51865° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6195947, E: 530092 NSA-9BS-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: T6T6S, Lat/Long: 55.87968° N, 98.18658° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6192987.9, E: 550887.9 NSA-9BS-AUX13, Op. Grid ID: T7R9S, Lat/Long: 55.91506° N, 98.44877° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196763.6, E: 534454.5 NSA-9JP-AUX03, Op. Grid ID: T7S9P, Lat/Long: 55.89486° N, 98.30037° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6194599.1, E: 543752.4 NSA-9BS-AUX09, Op. Grid ID: T7T3S, Lat/Long: 55.89358° N, 98.22621° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6194505.6, E: 548391.8 NSA-9JP-AUX06, Op. Grid ID: T8Q9P, Lat/Long: 55.93219° N, 98.6105° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6198601.4, E: 524334.5 NSA-ASP-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: T8S4A, Lat/Long: 55.91856° N, 98.37041° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6197194.6, E: 539348.3 NSA-9BS-AUX15, Op. Grid ID: T8S4S, Lat/Long: 55.91689° N, 98.37111° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6197008.6, E: 539306.4 NSA-9JP-AUX04, Op. Grid ID: T8S9P, Lat/Long: 55.90456° N, 98.28385° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6195688.9, E: 544774.3 NSA-9JP-AUX05, Op. Grid ID: T8T1P, Lat/Long: 55.90539° N, 98.26269° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6195795.3, E: 546096.3 NSA-9JP-AUX07, Op. Grid ID: T9Q8P, Lat/Long: 55.93737° N, 98.59568° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6199183.2, E: 525257.1 NSA-9BS-AUX10, Op. Grid ID: U5W5S, Lat/Long: 55.9061° N, 97.70986° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196380.8, E: 580655.5 NSA-9BS-AUX12, Op. Grid ID: U6W5S, Lat/Long: 55.91021° N, 97.70281° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6196846.5, E: 581087.8 NSA-ASP-AUX08, Op. Grid ID: V5X7A, Lat/Long: 55.97396° N, 97.48565° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6204216.6, E: 594506.1 NSA-ASP-AUX09, Op. Grid ID: W0Y5A, Lat/Long: 56.00339° N, 97.3355° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6207706.6, E: 603796.6 NSA-9JP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: 99O9P, Lat/Long: 55.88173° N, 99.03952° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6192917.5, E: 497527.8 NSA-ASP-AUX02, Op. Grid ID: Q3V2A, Lat/Long: 55.56227° N, 98.02635° W, UTM Zone 14, N: 6157793.5, E: 561407.9 SSA-MIX-9TETR, Op. Grid ID: D9I1M, Lat/Long: 53.7254° N, 105.20643° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5952989.7, E: 486379.7 SSA-OJP-FLXTR, Op. Grid ID: G2L3T, Lat/Long: 53.91634° N, 104.69203° W, UTM Zone 13, N: 5974257.5, E: 520227.7 7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map Not available. 7.1.3 Spatial Resolution The data are point source measurements made at the given locations. 7.1.4 Projection Not applicable. 7.1.5 Grid Description Not applicable. 7.2 Temporal Characteristics 7.2.1 Temporal Coverage The allometric relationships were made from data collected in 1994 and 1995. 7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map Sites visited in 1994: Number of Tissue used trees in calculation of Site_ID SPECIES sampled allometry equation ------- --------------- --------- -------------------- T2Q6A Populus tremuloides 12 T2Q6A Populus tremuloides 12 Stem Mass T2Q6A Populus tremuloides 10 Sapwood Volume T2Q6A Populus tremuloides 8 Total Foliage Biomass T2Q6A Populus tremuloides 8 Total Branch Biomass T2Q6A Populus tremuloides 8 Total Foliage Leaf Area T3R8T Picea mariana 10 T3R8T Picea mariana 10 Stem Mass T3R8T Picea mariana 10 Sapwood Volume T3R8T Picea mariana 9 New (Current) Foliage Biomass T3R8T Picea mariana 9 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass T3R8T Picea mariana 9 Total Foliage Biomass T3R8T Picea mariana 9 New Branch Biomass T3R8T Picea mariana 9 Old Branch Biomass T3R8T Picea mariana 9 Total Branch Biomass T3R8T Picea mariana 9 New Foliage Leaf Area T3R8T Picea mariana 9 Old Foliage Leaf Area T3R8T Picea mariana 9 Total Foliage Leaf Area T6R5S Picea mariana 10 T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Stem Mass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Sapwood Volume T6R5S Picea mariana 10 New (Current) Foliage Biomass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Total Foliage Biomass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 New Branch Biomass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Old Branch Biomass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Total Branch Biomass T6R5S Picea mariana 10 New Foliage Leaf Area T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Old Foliage Leaf Area T6R5S Picea mariana 10 Total Foliage Leaf Area U6W5S Picea mariana 6 U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Stem Mass U6W5S Picea mariana 5 Sapwood Volume U6W5S Picea mariana 6 New (Current) Foliage Biomass U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Total Foliage Biomass U6W5S Picea mariana 6 New Branch Biomass U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Old Branch Biomass U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Total Branch Biomass U6W5S Picea mariana 6 New Foliage Leaf Area U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Old Foliage Leaf Area U6W5S Picea mariana 6 Total Foliage Leaf Area T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Stem Mass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Sapwood Volume T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 New (Current) Foliage Biomass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Biomass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 New Branch Biomass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Branch Biomass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Branch Biomass T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 New Foliage Leaf Area T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Foliage Leaf Area T7Q8T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Leaf Area T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Stem Mass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Sapwood Volume T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 New (Current) Foliage Biomass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Biomass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 New Branch Biomass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Branch Biomass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Branch Biomass T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 New Foliage Leaf Area T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Foliage Leaf Area T8S9T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Leaf Area U6W5S Pinus banksiana 6 U6W5S Pinus banksiana 6 Stem Mass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 6 Sapwood Volume U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 New (Current) Foliage Biomass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 Total Foliage Biomass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 New Branch Biomass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 Old Branch Biomass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 Total Branch Biomass U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 New Foliage Leaf Area U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 Old Foliage Leaf Area U6W5S Pinus banksiana 5 Total Foliage Leaf Area G6K8S Picea mariana 3 C3B7T Populus tremuloides 10 C3B7T Populus tremuloides 10 Stem Mass C3B7T Populus tremuloides 10 Sapwood Volume C3B7T Populus tremuloides 10 Total Foliage Biomass C3B7T Populus tremuloides 10 Total Branch Biomass C3B7T Populus tremuloides 10 Total Foliage Leaf Area B9B7A Populus tremuloides 5 B9B7A Populus tremuloides 5 Stem Mass B9B7A Populus tremuloides 5 Total Foliage Biomass B9B7A Populus tremuloides 5 Total Branch Biomass B9B7A Populus tremuloides 5 Total Foliage Leaf Area D9I1M Populus tremuloides 5 D9I1M Populus tremuloides 5 Stem Mass D9I1M Populus tremuloides 5 Sapwood Volume D9I1M Populus tremuloides 5 Total Foliage Biomass D9I1M Populus tremuloides 5 Total Branch Biomass D9I1M Populus tremuloides 5 Total Foliage Leaf Area G8I4T Picea mariana 10 G8I4T Picea mariana 10 Stem Mass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Sapwood Volume G8I4T Picea mariana 9 New (Current) Foliage Biomass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Total Foliage Biomass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 New Branch Biomass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Old Branch Biomass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Total Branch Biomass G8I4T Picea mariana 9 New Foliage Leaf Area G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Old Foliage Leaf Area G8I4T Picea mariana 9 Total Foliage Leaf Area G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 Stem Mass G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 Sapwood Volume G2L3T Pinus banksiana 9 New Branch Biomass G2L3T Pinus banksiana 9 Old Branch Biomass G2L3T Pinus banksiana 9 Total Branch Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Stem Mass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Sapwood Volume F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 New (Current) Foliage Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 New Branch Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Branch Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Branch Biomass F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 New Foliage Leaf Area F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Foliage Leaf Area F8L6T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Leaf Area D9I1M Picea glauca 8 D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Stem Mass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Sapwood Volume D9I1M Picea glauca 8 New (Current) Foliage Biomass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Total Foliage Biomass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 New Branch Biomass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Old Branch Biomass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Total Branch Biomass D9I1M Picea glauca 8 New Foliage Leaf Area D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Old Foliage Leaf Area D9I1M Picea glauca 8 Total Foliage Leaf Area Sites visited in 1995: Site_ID SPECIES Number of Tissue used trees in calculation of sampled allometry equation G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 New (Current) Foliage Biomass G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 Old (Previous Years) Foliage Biomass G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Biomass G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 New Foliage Leaf Area G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 Old Foliage Leaf Area G2L3T Pinus banksiana 10 Total Foliage Leaf Area 7.2.3 Temporal Resolution Not applicable. 7.3 Data Characteristics Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (te6allom.def). 7.4 Sample Data Record Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file (te6allom.def). 8. Data Organization 8.1 Data Granularity All of the allometry data are in one file. 8.2 Data Format(s) The data files contain American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Sample data records are shown in the companion data definition file (te6allom.def). 9. Data Manipulations 9.1 Formulae The majority of the regression equations are of the form: log10 (y) = a + b * (log10(x)) (1) where x is DBH and y is the biomass, sapwood volume, or area of a tissue. The variable allometric ratio model was useful in describing the stem biomass of aspen. Aspen bole weight seemed to be negatively affected by heart rot as the tree aged, hence the c term, which was in fact a negative number. log10 (y) = a + b * (log10(x)) + c * (x) (2) The logarithmic transformation regression equation: log10 (y) = a + b * (log10(x)) (3) The logarithmic transformation of Y only: log10 (y) = a + b * (x) (4) A Populus tremuloides correction factor was calculated to correct for nonhomogeneous variance (Sprugel, 1983). Often this correction factor was a very small percentage and was not included in the biomass calculations. CF= exp ((((sqrt (MSE))*2.303)2)/2) (5) 9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms The regression coefficients a, b, and c were derived using the least squares regression equations in Section 9.1. 9.2 Data Processing Sequence None given. 9.2.1 Processing Steps None given. 9.2.2 Processing Changes None given. 9.3 Calculations 9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments None. 9.3.2 Calculated Variables The regression coefficients a, b, and c were derived using the least squares regression equations in Section 9.1. 9.4 Graphs and Plots Not applicable. 10. Errors 10.1 Sources of Error Several sources of error can occur in the developement of an allometric equation: 1) The measurement of weights, heights, and diameters are sources of error. 2) The selection of trees for a harvest is a potential source of error if the trees selected do not represent the stand overall. 3) The size distribution of trees in a stand may represent an actual change in the tree allometrics that is "glossed over" in the final equation. This may have been a source of error in the black spruce stands because of the semishade tolerance of black spruce foliage and the resulting change in allometrics from large to small trees. 10.2 Quality Assessment Of the three considerations listed above, 1 and 2 have been accounted for (see Section 10.2.1) and 3 has been examined. In the case of this study, 3 did seem to be a source of error for trees on the lower end of the harvested trees' diameter range in the black spruce stands. Populus tremuloides harvest is planned for the 1997 growing season to account for this error. Researchers interested in using the black spruce equations should be wary when their trees of interest approach the lower end of the DBH range listed. 10.2.1 Data Validation by Source LAI was the only variable derived from the allometric equation and also measured using other techniques at all of the tower sites and so was used as a check of the foliage values. Agreement between the site LAI derived from the allometric equations and the LAI values found by a number of other methods was generally good for the aspen, black spruce, YJP, and northern OJP stands (Chen et al., 1997). The southern jack pine stand LAI did deviate from the other indices of LAI and was checked against equations from a harvest conducted at the same site in the fall of 1995. The allometric equations derived from trees harvested in 1995 yielded LAI values that closely matched those of other researchers, and therefore were used for the foliage calculations. Harvests have been and will be conducted to check various components of the black spruce equations; however, the results of these checks will not be available until the end of 1997. 10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment Confidence level for the tower sites is high for the data submitted. Researchers should note Section 10.1. 10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters The mean square error, R-square, and the correction factor that was used to correct for non-homogeneous variance are given in the data. 10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments None given. 10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center Data were examined for general consistency and clarity. 11. Notes 11.1 Limitations of the Data The allometric equations should not be used to describe components of trees beyond the diameter range listed. The allometric descriptions of foliage components are likely accurate only in stands that closely resemble the tower sites in hydrology and fertility. 11.2 Known Problems with the Data See Section 10.1. 11.3 Usage Guidance None. 11.4 Other Relevant Information None. 12. Application of the Data Set Populus tremuloides researchers can use these equations to describe various characteristics of the trees in and around the tower sites. 13. Future Modifications and Plans See Section 10.2.1. 14. Software 14.1 Software Description None given. 14.2 Software Access None given. 15. Data Access 15.1 Contact Information Ms. Beth Nelson BOREAS Data Manager NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-4005 (301) 286-0239 (fax) Elizabeth.Nelson@gsfc.nasa.gov 15.2 Data Center Identification See Section 15.1. 15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. 15.4 Data Center Status/Plans The TE-06 allometry data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is: ORNL DAAC User Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory (865) 241-3952 ornldaac@ornl.gov ornl@eos.nasa.gov 16. Output Products and Availability 16.1 Tape Products None. 16.2 Film Products None. 16.3 Other Products ASCII files. 17. References 17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation None. 17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports Chen, J.M., P.M. Rich, S.T. Gower, J.M. Norman and S. Plummer. 1997. Leaf area index of boreal forests Theory, techniques and measurements. JGR, BOREAS Special Issue, 102 (D24), 29429-29443. Gower, S.T., J.G. Vogel, T.K. Stow, J.M. Norman, C.J. Kucharik and S.J. Steele. 1997. Carbon distribution and aboveground net-primary production of BOREAS tower flux forest. JGR, BOREAS Special Issue, 102 (D24), 29029-29041. Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94). Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577. Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPSDOC 94). Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPSDOC 96). Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M. Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T. Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. JGR, BOREAS Special Issue, 102 (D24), 28731-28769. Sprugel D.G. 1983. Correcting for bias in log-transformed allometric equations. Ecology. 64:1, 209-210. 17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation None. 18. Glossary of Terms None. 19. List of Acronyms ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange AUX - Auxiliary Site BAF - Basal Area Factor BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study BORIS - BOREAS Information System CD-ROM - Compact Disk-Read-Only memory CEV - Carbon Evaluation Site DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center DBH - Diameter at Breast Height EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System FLXTR - Flux Tower GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center HTML - Hypertext Markup Language LAI - Leaf Area Index MIX - Mixed NAD83 - North American Datum of 1983 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NSA - Northern Study Area OA - Old Aspen OBS - Old Black Spruce OJP - Old Jack Pine ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory PANP - Prince Albert National Park SSA - Southern Study Area TE - Terrestrial Ecology TF - Tower Flux UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator YA - Young Aspen YJP - Young Jack Pine URL - Uniform Resource Locator WAB - Wind-Aligned Blob 20. Document Information 20.1 Document Revision Date Written: 17-Feb-1997 Last Updated: 08-Dec-1998 20.2 Document Review Date(s) BORIS Review: 01-Dec-1998 Science Review: 14-Oct-1998 20.3 Document ID None. 20.4 Citation Tom Gower and Jason G. Vogel, both of the University of Wisconsin. 20.5 Document Curator 20.6 Document URL Keywords Allometry Biomass Carbon Evaluation Leaf Area Index Sapwood Volume TE06_Allometry.doc 01/13/99