BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format Summary For BOREAS, the level-3s SPOT data, along with the other remotely sensed images, were collected in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information includes radiant energy, detailed land cover, and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI. The SPOT images acquired for the BOREAS project were selected primarily to fill temporal gaps in the Landsat TM image data collection. CCRS collected and supplied the level-3s images to BORIS for use in the remote sensing research activities. Spatially, the level-3s images cover 60-by 60-km portions of the BOREAS NSA and SSA. Temporally, the images cover the period of 17-Apr-1994 to 30-Aug-1996. The images are available in binary image format files. Table of Contents * 1 Data Set Overview * 2 Investigator(s) * 3 Theory of Measurements * 4 Equipment * 5 Data Acquisition Methods * 6 Observations * 7 Data Description * 8 Data Organization * 9 Data Manipulations * 10 Errors * 11 Notes * 12 Application of the Data Set * 13 Future Modifications and Plans * 14 Software * 15 Data Access * 16 Output Products and Availability * 17 References * 18 Glossary of Terms * 19 List of Acronyms * 20 Document Information 1. Data Set Overview 1.1 Data Set Identification BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format 1.2 Data Set Introduction The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those activities that were BOREAS community-level activities or required uniform data collection procedures across sites and time. These activities included the acquisition of the relevant satellite data. Data from the High-Resolution Visible (HRV) instruments on the Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellites were acquired by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) and provided for use by BOREAS researchers. BOREAS Information System (BORIS) and CCRS personnel subsequently reviewed and inventoried the images described here. 1.3 Objective/Purpose For BOREAS, the SPOT imagery, along with the other remotely sensed images, was collected in order to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. The SPOT images acquired for the BOREAS project were selected primarily to fill temporal gaps in the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image collection. 1.4 Summary of Parameters SPOT level-3s data in BORIS contain the following parameters: Original image header information, image coordinates, gains and offsets for each band for at-sensor radiance derivations, image bands 1 to 3 processed with systematic spatial corrections. 1.5 Discussion Use and distribution of the level-3s SPOT images are subject to copyright restrictions. CCRS and Radarsat International (RSI) granted permission to BOREAS to place a subset of the level-3a Landsat TM images on the BOREAS CD-ROM series. However, none of the other Landsat TM or level-3s SPOT images are included. The level-3s SPOT images may not be available for public access. Please see Sections 15 and 16 for further details. BORIS Staff processed the SPOT level-3s imagery by: 1) Extracting pertinent header information from the level-3s image product and placing it in an American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file on disk. 2) Reading the information in the ASCII disk file and loading the online data base with pertinent information. 1.6 Related Data Sets BOREAS Level-3s Landsat TM Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format BOREAS Level-3a Landsat TM Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format BOREAS Level-3b Landsat TM Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BSQ Format 2. Investigator(s) 2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title BOREAS Staff Science 2.2 Title of Investigation BOREAS Staff Science Satellite Data Acquisition Program 2.3 Contact Information Contact 1 ---------- Josef Cihlar Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Ottawa, Ontario Canada (613) 947-1265 (613) 947-1406 (fax) cihlar@ccrs.emr.ca Contact 2 --------- Jeffrey A. Newcomer Raytheon STX Corporation NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-7858 (301) 286-0239 (fax) Jeffrey.Newcomer@gsfc.nasa.gov 3. Theory of Measurements The launch of France's SPOT satellite system on 22-Feb-1986 gave the remote sensing community the capability of applying high-resolution multispectral imagery to a range of land use and land cover analyses. The SPOT satellite platforms are equipped with two HRV linear array (pushbroom) sensors capable of operating in a panchromatic (PAN) mode with 10-m resolution, or a three-band multispectral (XS) mode with 20-m resolution. The SPOT-1 satellite was retired from active service on 31-Dec-1990 but was reactivated in Jan-1998. SPOT-2 was launched on 22-Jan-1990. SPOT-3 was launched on 25-Sep-1993 and suffered an unrecoverable malfunction on 14-Nov-1997. SPOT-4 was launched on 24-Mar-1998. Currently, SPOT-1, SPOT-2, and SPOT-4 continue to fulfill the SPOT global mission. Thematic considerations have dictated, within technical constraints, the choice of spectral band position and width in the multispectral mode. Three bands were selected for the multispectral mode: 1) A green (500- to 590-nm) band centered at the 550-nm maximum in the chlorophyll reflectance curve, which is on the long wavelength side of the broad attenuation minimum of water, thus giving access to turbidity assessment and bathymetric evaluation in the first 10 to 20 m of surface water. 2) A red band (610 to 680 nm), similar to the Landsat TM channel 3, which provides much information on crop identification, bare soil, and rocky surfaces. Atmospheric transmittance on a fine day is about 90 percent while water penetration is about 2 m with surface reflectance of 4 percent (attenuation coefficient: 5x10-1 m-1). This band corresponds to chlorophyll absorption; i.e., low vegetation reflectance. 3) The near-infrared band (790 to 890), which penetrates best through the atmosphere (transmittance is about 95 percent for a clear atmosphere model) and light haze. Vegetation stands out brightly and water surfaces appear very dark (1 percent reflectance with a high attenuation coefficient: 10 to 50 m). Although silicon spectral sensitivity extends out to 1,100 nm, the band was not extended beyond 900 nm in order to avoid response modulation by atmospheric water vapor and to limit the smearing effect of electron diffusion within the detectors. Vegetation biomass can be evaluated with the red and near-infrared bands taken together. All three color bands are coded linearly on 8 bits, with a choice of ground-controlled preset gains. For the higher ground-resolution black-and-white, or panchromatic mode, a broader spectral band was required. In order to retain the capability for texture analysis in support of the color mode and a high information content over vegetated areas, the interval 510 to 730 nm was chosen for the broad band. The basic coding scheme is 6-bits linear with a choice of eight selectable preset gains. Higher radiometric resolution can be selected by ground command of a differential Pulse Code Modulation System, which compresses each 3-pixel packet to 18 bits, while retaining an 8-bit equivalent radiometric resolution. 4. Equipment 4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description The HRV instruments form images without any moving mechanical part (e.g., scanning mirrors, disc choppers, or mechanical modulators). The HRV telescope is a pseudo-Schmidt design, since the corrector plate is a spherical doublet. In this folded arrangement, sufficient room is available in the focal plane for a dichroic prism separator followed by four multilinear array mounts. The spectral regions and bandwidths of each channel are given in the table below: Channel Wavelength (µm) ------- ---------------- 1 0.50 - 0.59 2 0.61 - 0.68 3 0.79 - 0.89 4.1.1 Collection Environment The BOREAS SPOT level-3s imagery was acquired through the CCRS. The SPOT satellites orbit Earth at a mean altitude of 805 km. Radiometric corrections and systematic geometric corrections are applied to produce the images in a path-oriented, systematically corrected spatial form. A full level-3s SPOT image contains 4,500 pixels in each of 3,000 lines. Before any geometric corrections, the ground resolution is 20 m for bands 1-3 at nadir. The pixel values of the images can range from 0 to 255. This allows each pixel to be stored in a single-byte field. The level-3s images were processed through the CCRS Geocoded Image Correction System (GICS); (Friedel, 1992). 4.1.2 Source/Platform The BOREAS SPOT images were collected by the HRV instruments on the SPOT-2 and SPOT-3 satellites. 4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives The objectives of the SPOT mission are to 1) experiment on desirable characteristics of (operational) remote sensing systems; 2) build up an archive and make available a wide data base for cartographic and Earth exploration purposes; 3) experiment on improving vegetative species discrimination and producing forecasting by frequent access and off-nadir viewing; 4) build up a stereo archive of areas of real interest for purposes of photo-interpretation, planimetric cartography, and cartographic updating at scales of 1/100,000 and 1/50,000; and 5) qualify the multimission platform and solar array camera in space. 4.1.4 Key Variables Reflected radiation. 4.1.5 Principles of Operation The SPOT system consists of an orbiting satellite with two HRV instruments as well as ground facilities for image reception, preprocessing, distribution, satellite monitoring, and preparation of imaging programs. The instruments are pointable in the across-track direction in order to allow rapid access to any point on the globe and acquisition of stereoscopic image pairs from different satellite passes. Imaging is accomplished by the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear array using the "pushbroom" scanning principle. In a given spectral mode, the HRV instrument images a single line of the landscape at a given moment: all the points making up one line are analyzed simultaneously. The motion of the orbiting satellite and the corresponding shift of the imaged line allow acquisition of a complete image. Image acquisitions are commanded by the satellite's onboard computer. An imaging sequence can comprise a succession of images acquired in panchromatic or multispectral mode (note that the satellite cannot operate the HRV sensors in both modes at the same time) and changes in the viewing direction of each of the two HRV instruments (rotation of the strip-selection mirror at the entrance of each instrument). Data generated by the instruments are transmitted to the ground over the payload-specific X-band telemetry link or stored by means of two onboard recorders for later recovery by the Toulouse imagery receiving facility. 4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry The HRV was designed to achieve a multispectral capability with a nominal nadir ground sampling interval of 20 m x 20 m; a 10-m sampling interval in a panchromatic mode. A ground resolution of 20 m over a 60-km swath is achieved using an array of 3,000 detectors (CCD) per spectral band, sampled every 3 milliseconds, while a ground resolution of 10 m over the same swath width uses 6,000 detectors per line, sampled every 1.5 milliseconds. 4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Centre Spatial de Toulouse 31055 Toulouse, France 4.2 Calibration The calibration unit is an auxiliary device designed to illuminate the detection unit by providing light at the entrance to the HRV telescope (the strip selection mirror having been previously moved to the calibration position). One of two light sources may be selected: the calibration lamp or the fiber-optic sunlight collector. The calibration lamp illuminates all 16 CCD linear arrays of the HRV detection unit and is used for relative calibration (sometimes referred to as "in-band calibration".The fiber-optic sunlight collector illuminates a small number of detectors in each spectral band with sunlight gathered from outside the HRV instrument at certain periods and is used for absolute, interband, multidate calibration. 4.2.1 Specifications Main Instrument Parameters ____________________________________________________________________ Color mode B/W mode ____________________________________________________________________ Ground sampling step (m) 20 10 Array sampling period (m/s) 3 1.5 XS1 0.50-0.59 Spectral bands (µm) XS2 0.61-0.68 P 0.51-0.73 XS3 0.79-0.89 Grey levels 256 (8 bits) 128 (6 bits) Image data bit rate (Mb/s) 25 25 Number of pixels per line 3000 6000 Swath width (km) 60 (nadir) Nominal altitude (km) 832 4.2.1.1 Tolerance Central viewing direction +0.163 and -0.163 deg. Field steering direction 0+/-45 steps 0.6 deg. apart. Outermost observable direction +/-29.23 deg. Corresponding distance to track +/-475 km Location accuracy level-1B 650 m (max) Scale distortion 0.07% Anisomorphism 0.07% Multispectral band registration 0.15 pixels Multidate registration accuracy 2.5 m Relief plotting accuracy for viewing angles between 0 to 27 deg. 7 m -27 to +27 deg. 3.5 m 4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration CNES maintains an ongoing calibration monitoring effort. Every 3 to 6 months, analysis results of instrument calibration are released for use by data users. 4.2.3 Other Calibration Information None given. 5. Data Acquisition Methods The BOREAS SPOT level-3s imagery was acquired through CCRS. Radiometric and systematic geometric corrections are applied to produce the images in a path- oriented, systematically corrected spatial form. A full level-3s SPOT image contains 4,500 pixels in each of 3,000 lines. Before any geometric corrections, the ground resolution is 20 m for bands 1-3 at nadir. The pixel values of the images can range from 0 to 255. This allows each pixel to be stored in a single- byte field. The level-3s images were processed through the CCRS GICS. 6. Observations 6.1 Data Notes None. 6.2 Field Notes Not applicable. 7. Data Description 7.1 Spatial Characteristics 7.1.1 Spatial Coverage The BOREAS level-3s SPOT images cover portions of the Northern Study Area (NSA) and the Southern Study Area (SSA) which are located in the northeast and southwest portions of the overall region. A full SPOT scene covers approximately 3,600 square kilometers. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) corner coordinates of the SSA are: Latitude Longitude -------- --------- Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W The NAD83 corner coordinates of the NSA are: Latitude Longitude -------- --------- Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W 7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map Not available. 7.1.3 Spatial Resolution Before any geometric corrections, the spatial resolution is 20 m at nadir. These values increase with scan angle away from the nadir path. The level-3s SPOT images have had geometric corrections applied so that the spatial resolution for all pixels is 20 m in all bands. These level-3s images have a high level of internal spatial integrity, but the actual geographic coordinates contained in the image header can be offset from their actual positions by as much as 10 km (personal communication with CCRS personnel, 1994). 7.1.4 Projection The level-3s SPOT images are placed in a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection based on NAD83. Detailed projection parameter information for the individual images is contained in the leader file(s). 7.1.5 Grid Description The grid spacing for each pixel in the level-3s SPOT images is 20 m in the UTM projection. Detailed grid parameter information for the individual images is contained in the leader file(s). 7.2 Temporal Characteristics 7.2.1 Temporal Coverage The images cover the period of 17-Apr-1994 to 30-Aug-1996. The SPOT images acquired for the BOREAS project were selected in order to fill temporal gaps in the Landsat image collection. 7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map NSA 28-Apr-94 NSA 09-May-94 NSA 25-May-94 NSA 06-Jun-94 NSA 06-Jun-94 NSA 26-Jun-94 NSA 26-Jun-94 NSA 12-Jul-94 NSA 18-Jul-94 NSA 23-Aug-94 NSA 23-Aug-94 NSA 08-Sep-94 NSA 16-Sep-94 NSA 17-Sep-94 NSA 29-Jul-95 NSA 26-Jul-96 NSA 27-Jul-96 NSA 30-Aug-96 NSA 30-Aug-96 SSA 17-Apr-94 SSA 21-Apr-94 SSA 15-May-94 SSA 06-Jun-94 SSA 06-Jun-94 SSA 21-Jul-94 SSA 24-Jul-94 SSA 21-Aug-94 SSA 23-Aug-94 SSA 13-Sep-94 SSA 16-Sep-94 SSA 16-Sep-94 SSA 05-Aug-95 SSA 05-Aug-95 SSA 09-Jul-96 SSA 09-Jul-96 SSA 09-Jul-96 SSA 30-Jul-96 SSA 30-Jul-96 7.2.3 Temporal Resolution The SPOT satellite revisit frequency is 26 days for each path/row. During the period of 17-Apr-1994 to 30-Aug-1996, 19 images were acquired over the NSA and the SSA on 13 different dates. 7.3 Data Characteristics The maximum range of digital numbers in each level-3s SPOT image band is limited to the range 0 (zero) to 255 so that the values can be stored in a single 8-bit (byte) field. The image inventory data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (spot_3s.def). 7.4 Sample Data Record Sample data records are defined in the companion data definition file (spot_3s.def). 8. Data Organization 8.1 Data Granularity The smallest unit of data for level-3s SPOT imagery is a full SPOT scene. All the BOREAS Level-3s SPOT Imagery: Scaled At-sensor Radiance in LGSOWG Format Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (spot_3s.def). 8.2 Data Format(s) The image inventory data file contains numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with a single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Data record format is defined in the companion data definition file(spot_3s.def). The level-3s SPOT imagery from CCRS is stored in either a band sequential (BSQ) or a band interleaved by line (BIL) form. General information on these two formats is provided in the subsequent sections. Detailed information on these formats can be obtained from the CCRS document, Standard SPOT MLA/PLA Format, referenced in Section 17.1. 8.2.1 Band Sequential Format The files associated with a BSQ SPOT scene are as follows: File 1 volume directory File 2 leader file band 1 File 3 SPOT band 1 File 4 trailer file band 1 File 5 leader file band 2 File 6 SPOT band 2 File 7 trailer file band 2 File 8 leader file band 2 File 9 SPOT band 3 File 10 trailer file band 2 File 11 null volume file If there are multiple scenes on a tape, the next scene would occupy files 12-22, 11 files exactly as above. Up to five SPOT scenes (55 files) are contained on one 8-mm tape. There are multiple-volume directory files on one tape media because the 8-mm tapes were generated by copying the original 9-track tapes, and each of the 9-track tapes had its own volume directory. Each image file in BSQ format contains data for one spectral band. 8.2.1.1 BSQ Leader Files File descriptor record Scene header record Map projection (scene-related) ancillary record Type 1 radiometric transformation ancillary record Type 2 radiometric transformation ancillary record All leader files contain fixed-length records 6,120 bytes in length and contain both ASCII and binary data. For specific details, see the CCRS documentation referenced in Section 17.1. 8.2.1.2 BSQ Imagery File The BSQ image files have 3,001 records, with each record containing 4,500 bytes. The first record in this file is a header record, followed by 3,000 image records. The contents of the Scene Header record are specified by Landsat Ground Station Operations Working Group (LGSOWG) Technical Working Group (LTWG) standards and contain information relating to the mission, sensor parameters, processing options, and geometric parameters for the sensor. Each image record contains 32 bytes of prefix data, 4,320 bytes of image data, and 36 bytes of suffix data. Image data consist of digital numbers and 0’s as fillers. The record size is 4,500 bytes. Although the width of the image is nominally 3,000 pixels, the number of pixels in the image grows proportionally with the view angle. All 4,500 pixels were included because none of the parameters in any of the header records seemed to be reliable for determining how many nonzero pixels there were in a particular record. Each image is oriented so that pixel 1, line 1 is in the upper left-hand corner (i.e., northwest) of the screen display. Pixels and lines progress left to right and top to bottom so that pixel n, line n is in the lower right-hand corner. 8.2.1.3 BSQ Trailer File The trailer file contains information associated with the image data not always available before writing the image data, such as data and recording quality and data summaries. Each trailer file contains a file descriptor record and trailer records for all bands of imagery in the associated imagery file. All trailer files contain fixed-length records 4,320 bytes in length and contain both ASCII and binary data. 8.2.2 Band Interleaved by Line Format The files associated with a BIL SPOT scene are as follows: File 1 volume directory File 2 leader file bands 1-3 File 3 SPOT bands 1-3 File 4 trailer File 5 null volume file If there are multiple scenes on a tape, the next scene would occupy files 6-10, five files exactly as above. Up to four TM scenes (20 files) are contained on one 8-mm tape. There are multiple volume directory files on one tape media because the 8-mm tapes were generated from copying the original 9-track tapes, and each of the 9-track tapes had its own volume directory. The image files in BIL format contain image data for all three spectral bands. 8.2.2.1 BIL Leader Files A detailed description may be found in the SPOT Standard CCT Format document from SPOT Image Corporation. Record 1: Header File descriptor 3960 bytes. Record 2: Header 3960 bytes. Record 3: Ancillary Ephemeris/Attitude 3960 bytes. Record 4-21: Ancillary Radiometric/Calibration 3960 bytes. Record 22-24: Ancillary Histogram 3960 bytes. Record 25: Ancillary Map projection 3960 bytes. Record 26: GCP/RCP 3960 bytes. Record 27: Annotation 3960 bytes. 8.2.2.2 BIL Imagery File The BIL image files are contained in a single file of 9,000 5,400-byte records. Each image is oriented so that pixel 1, line 1 is in the upper left-hand corner (i.e., northwest) of the screen display. Pixels and lines progress left to right and top to bottom so that pixel n, line n is in the lower right-hand corner. 8.2.2.3 BIL Trailer File The trailer file contains information associated with the image data not always available before writing the image data, such as data and recording quality and data summaries. Each trailer file contains a file descriptor record and trailer records for all bands of imagery in the associated imagery file. All trailer files contain fixed length records 4,320 bytes in length and contain both ASCII and binary data. 9. Data Manipulations 9.1 Formulae 9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms Not applicable. 9.2 Data Processing Sequence The SPOT data are included in BORIS only as a supplement to the Landsat TM data. Therefore, the SPOT images were not processed beyond level-3s. 9.2.1 Processing Steps BORIS Staff processes a level-3s SPOT image by: 1) Extracting pertinent header information from the level-3s image product and writing it to a disk file. 2) Reading the information in the disk file and loading the data base with needed information. 9.2.2 Processing Changes None. 9.3 Calculations 9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments None. 9.3.2 Calculated Variables None. 9.4 Graphs and Plots None. 10. Errors 10.1 Sources of Error Errors could arise in the acquired imagery from location inaccuracy, distortion of lengths, anisomorphism, the instrument's local coherence, multispectral registrability, and relief plotting inaccuracy. Other errors could arise from inherent radiometric imperfections of the sensors. 10.2 Quality Assessment 10.2.1 Data Validation by Source Whatever the processing level, the geometric quality of the image depends on the accuracy of the viewing geometry. Spectral errors could arise from image-wide signal-to-noise ratio, saturation, cross-talk, spikes, response normalization caused by a change in gain. 10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment Assessment of accuracy of the absolute radiometric constants is difficult. The uncertainties in prelaunch and postlaunch updates of the absolute calibration constants are nominally specified to be less than 10%. A root mean square (rms) summing of known errors in the prelaunch calibration suggests that this may be a reasonable estimate of overall uncertainty in the prelaunch calibration. 10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters Not available at this revision. 10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments Images are screened for level of cloud cover before BORIS processing. 10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center BORIS Staff used developed software to extract information for logging the data into a relational data base. The software also read through the records of the files checking for proper record sizes. A subset of the images was unpacked and displayed for visual review. None of the displayed images showed any notable abnormalities. 11. Notes 11.1 Limitations of the Data None. 11.2 Known Problems with the Data None. 11.3 Usage Guidance None. 11.4 Other Relevant Information None. 12. Application of the Data Set The SPOT images should be useful for anyone interested in high spatial resolution imagery over the entire NSA or SSA in between the Landsat TM acquisitions. 13. Future Modifications and Plans None. 14. Software 14.1 Software Description BORIS Staff developed software and command procedures to: 1) Extract header information from level-3s SPOT images on tape and write to ASCII files on disk. 2) Read the ASCII disk file and log the level-3 SPOT image products into the Oracle data base tables. 3) Convert coordinates in the leader file(s) between the geographic systems of (latitude, longitude), UTM (northing, easting), and BOREAS (x,y) grid locations. The software mentioned under items 1 and 2 is written in the C language and is operational on VAX 6410 and MicroVAX 3100 systems at GSFC. The primary dependencies in the software are the tape input/output (I/O) library and the Oracle data base utility routines. The geographic coordinate conversion utility (BOR_CORD) has been tested and used on Macintosh, IBM PC, VAX, Silicon Graphics, and Sun workstations. 14.2 Software Access All of the described software is available upon request. BORIS staff would appreciate knowing of any problems discovered with the software, but cannot promise to fix them. 15. Data Access 15.1 Contact Information Ms. Beth Nelson NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-4005 (301) 286-0239 (fax) beth@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov 15.2 Data Center Identification See Section 15.1. 15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. 15.4 Data Center Status/Plans The level-3s SPOT image data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is: ORNL DAAC User Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory (865) 241-3952 ornldaac@ornl.gov ornl@eos.nasa.gov Although the BOREAS level-3s SPOT images are being held in a public archive, copyright restrictions limit the distribution and use of the data. The BOREAS CD-ROM series is publicly available and contains some of the level-3a Landsat TM images. However, other Landsat TM and SPOT image products in the collection are available only to official BOREAS project personnel. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services office to get the most recent information. 16. Output Products and Availability 16.1 Tape Products The SPOT level-3s data can be made available on 8-mm, Digital Archive Tape (DAT), or 9-track tapes at 6250 or 1600 Bytes Per Inch (BPI). Although the BOREAS level-3s SPOT images are being held in a public archive, copyright restrictions limit the distribution and use of the data. The BOREAS CD-ROM series is publicly available and contains some of the level-3a Landsat TM images. However, other Landsat TM and SPOT image products in the collection are available only to official BOREAS project personnel. Please contact the ORNL DAAC User Services office (see Section 15.4) to get the most recent information. 16.2 Film Products None. 16.3 Other Products None. 17. References 17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation Standard SPOT MLA/PLA CCT Format. Technical Memorandum No. DMD-TM-85-428A, 1985. Digital Methods Division Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources. The SPOT Standard CCT Format. 1989. Document: SI/AT/85.0113 Version: 1.1 Revision 4, SPOT Image Corporation. Reston, Virginia. 17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports Asrar, G., R. Murphy, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. 1991. Use of multitemporal SPOT data in First ISLSCP Field Experiment. Proc. 5th Intl. Colloquium. Courchevel, France, 14-18 January. Begni, G. 1982. Selection of the optimum spectral bands for the SPOT satellite. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 48:1613-1620. Boissin, B. and J. Perbos. 1985. SPOT image quality and post launch assessment. Advanced Space Res. 5:51-60. Byrne, G.F., P.F. Crapper, and K.K. Mayo. 1980. Monitoring land-cover change by principal component analysis of multitemporal Landsat data. Remote Sens. Environ. 10:175-184. Carper, J.W., T.M. Lillesand, and R.W. Kiefer. 1990. The use of intensity-hue-saturation transformations for merging SPOT panchromatic and multispectral image data. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 56:459-467. Chavez, P.S., Jr., and J.A. Bowell. 1988. Comparison of the spectral information content of Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT for three different sites in the Phoenix, Arizona. Region. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 54:1699-1708. Chavez, P.C., S.C. Guptill, and J.A. Bowell. 1984. Image processing techniques for Thematic Mapper data. Technical Papers. 50th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Soc. of Photogr. 2:728-743. Chevrel, M., M. Courtois, and G. Weill. 1981. The SPOT satellite remote sensing mission. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sens. 47:1163-1171. Cliche, G., F. Bonn, and P. Teillet. 1985. Integration of the SPOT panchromatic channel into its multispectral mode for image sharpness enhancement. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 51:311-316. Dinguirard, M., R.D. Jackson, and P.N. Slater. 1986. Absolute calibration of the SPOT-1 HRV cameras. SPIE Proc. vol. 60. Friedel, J. 1992. System description of the Geocoded Image Correction System. Report GC-MA-50-3915, MacDonald Detwiller Associates, Richmond, B.C. Rodriguez, V., P. Gigord, A.C. de Gaujac, and P. Munier. 1988. Evaluation of the stereoscopic accuracy of the SPOT satellite. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 54:217-221. Sellers, P.and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94). Sellers, P.and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96). Sellers, P.and F. Hall. 1997. BOREAS Overview Paper. JGR Special Issue. Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577. Welch, R. 1985. Cartographic products of SPOT image data. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 51:1085-1091. Welch, R. and M. Ehlers. 1987. Merging multiresolution SPOT HRV and Landsat TM data. Photogr. Engr. and Rem. Sen. 53:301-305. 17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation None. 18. Glossary of Terms None. 19. List of Acronyms ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange BIL - Band Interleaved by Lines BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study BORIS - BOREAS Information System BPI - Bytes per inch BSQ - Band Sequential CCD - Charge-Coupled Device CCRS - Canada for Remote Sensing CCT - Computer Compatible Tape CD-ROM - Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory CNES - Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center DAT - Digital Archive Tape EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System FPAA - Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation GICS - Geocoded Image Correction System GMT - Greenwich Mean Time GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center HRV - High-Resolution Visible IFOV - Instantaneous Field-of-View I/O - Input/Output LAI - Leaf Area Index LGSOWG - Landsat Ground Station Operations Working Group LTWG - LGSOWG Technical Working Group MSS - Multispectral Scanner NAD27 - North American Datum of 1927 NAD83 - North American Datum of 1983 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NSA - Northern Study Area ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory PANP - Prince Albert National Park RMS - Root-Mean-Square RSI - Radarsat International SPOT - Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre SSA - Southern Study Area TIPS - Thematic Mapper Image Processing System TM - Thematic Mapper URL - Uniform Resource Locator UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator 20. Document Information 20.1 Document Revision Date Written: 12-Apr-1995 Last Updated: 05-May-1998 20.2 Document Review Dates BORIS Review: 17-Mar-1998 Science Review: 10-Apr-1988 20.3 Document ID 20.4 Citation The SPOT level-3s images were acquired by CCRS and processed by RSI under an agreement with CCRS. 20.5 Document Curator 20.6 Document URL Keywords SPOT HRV REFLECTED RADIATION SPOT_L3S.doc 05/26/98