BOREAS Level-0 Daedalus TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format
Summary
The level-0 Daedalus TMS imagery, along with the other remotely sensed images,
was collected to provide spatially extensive information about radiant energy
over the primary BOREAS study areas. This information includes detailed land
cover and biophysical parameter maps such as FPAR and LAI. Two flights of the
Daedalus TMS instrument were made onboard the ER-2 aircraft on September 16 and
17, 1994.
Table of Contents
* 1 Data Set Overview
* 2 Investigator(s)
* 3 Theory of Measurements
* 4 Equipment
* 5 Data Acquisition Methods
* 6 Observations
* 7 Data Description
* 8 Data Organization
* 9 Data Manipulations
* 10 Errors
* 11 Notes
* 12 Application of the Data Set
* 13 Future Modifications and Plans
* 14 Software
* 15 Data Access
* 16 Output Products and Availability
* 17 References
* 18 Glossary of Terms
* 19 List of Acronyms
* 20 Document Information
1. Data Set Overview
1.1 Data Set Identification
BOREAS Level-0 Daedalus TMS Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format
1.2 Data Set Introduction
The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Staff Science effort covered those
activities that were BOREAS community-level activities or required uniform data
collection procedures across sites and time. These activities included the
acquisition, processing, and archiving of 12-band Daedalus Thematic Mapper
Simulator (Daedalus TMS) image data collected on the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration's (NASA's) ER-2 aircraft.
1.3 Objective/Purpose
For BOREAS, the Daedalus TMS imagery, along with the other remotely sensed
images, was collected in order to provide spatially extensive information over
the primary study areas. This information includes detailed land cover,
biophysical parameter maps such as fraction of Photosynthetically Active
Radiation (fPAR), and Leaf Area Index (LAI), and surface thermal properties.
1.4 Summary of Parameters
Daedalus TMS level-0 image data in the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) contain
the following parameters:
Original housekeeping and calibration information and bands 1-12 in the NASA Ames
Research Center (ARC) Band Interleaved by Line (BIL) format.
1.5 Discussion
BORIS staff processed the Daedalus TMS level-0 images by:
1) Extracting pertinent header information from the level-0 image product and
placing it in an American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file
on disk
2) Reading the information in the disk file and loading the online data base with
needed information
1.6 Related Data Sets
BOREAS Level-0 ER-2 Aerial Photography
BOREAS Level-0 AOCI Imagery: Digital Counts in BIL Format
BOREAS RSS-18 Level-1B AVIRIS Imagery: At-sensor Radiance in BIL Format
2. Investigator(s)
2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title
BOREAS Staff
2.2 Title of Investigation
BOREAS Staff Science Aircraft Data Acquisition Program
2.3 Contact Information
Contact 1
-------------------
Jeffrey S. Myers
Aircraft Data and Sensor Facilities
NASA Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, CA
(415) 604-6253
(415) 604-4987 (fax)
jmyers@msmail.arc.nasa.gov
Contact 2
-------------------
Jeffrey A. Newcomer
NASA/GSFC
Greenbelt, MD
(301) 286-7858
(301) 286-0239 (fax)
Jeffrey.Newcomer@gsfc.nasa.gov
3. Theory of Measurements
The NASA Earth Resources Aircraft Program at Ames Research Center (ARC) operates
the ER-2 aircraft to acquire data for Earth science research. The Daedalus TMS
instrument used on the ER-2 aircraft collects radiance measurements in 10
spectral bands covering the visible and near-infrared spectrum from 0.436 to
1.054 micrometers (�m) and two thermal-infrared bands (one set in high gain and
the other in low gain) covering 8.5 to 14.0 �m.
Thematic considerations have dictated, within technical constraints, the choice
of spectral band position and width in the Daedalus TMS sensor. Twelve bands were
selected, eight of which correspond to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) bands. These
bands were chosen after many years of analysis for their value in discrimination
of several Earth surface features. A blue (0.45 to 0.52 �m) band provides
increased penetration of water bodies as well as supporting analyses of land use,
soil, and vegetation characteristics. The lower-wavelength cutoff is just below
the peak transmittance of clear water, while the upper-wavelength cutoff is the
limit of blue chlorophyll absorption for healthy green vegetation. Wavelengths
below 0.45 �m are substantially influenced by atmospheric scattering and
absorption.
A green (0.52 to 0.60 �m) band spans the region between the blue and red chloro-
phyll absorption bands and therefore corresponds to the green reflectance of
healthy vegetation. A red (0.63 to 0.69 �m) band includes the chlorophyll
absorption band of healthy green vegetation and represents one of the most
important bands for vegetation discrimination. The latter is also useful for soil
and geological boundary delineations. A reflective-infrared (0.76 to 0.90 �m)
band is especially responsive to the amount of vegetation biomass present in a
scene. It is useful for crop identification and emphasizes soil-crop and land-
water contrasts.
One mid-infrared (1.55 to 1.75 �m) band is sensitive to the turgidity or amount
of water in plants. Such information is useful in crop drought studies and in
plant vigor investigations. In addition, these are two of the few bands that can
be used to discriminate between clouds, snow, and ice, which is very important in
hydrologic research. The other mid-infrared band (2.08 to 2.35 �m) is important
for the discrimination of geologic rock formations. It has been shown to be
particularly effective in identifying zones of hydrothermal alteration in rocks.
Finally, the thermal-infrared (8.5 to 14.0 �m) band that measures the amount of
infrared radiant flux emitted from surfaces. The apparent temperature is a
function of the emissivities and true or kinetic temperature of the surface. It
is useful for locating geothermal activity, thermal inertia mapping for geologic
investigations, vegetation classification, vegetation stress analysis, and soil
moisture studies.
4. Equipment
4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description
The Daedalus TMS-1268 scanner is designed to simulate spectral, spatial, and
radiometric characteristics of the TM sensor on the Landsat-4 and -5 spacecraft.
The Daedalus TMS is generally flown at high altitudes aboard NASA's ER-2 aircraft
based at ARC and provides 25-m resolution at nadir at an altitude of 19,800-m
(65,000 ft.).
The Daedalus TMS sensor differs slightly from the Landsat TM instruments. Its 12
spectral channels are very similar to those of the TM sensor, but it has an
additional infrared channel. The 12 spectral channels of the Daedalus TMS sensor
have the following bandpasses:
Daedalus TMS Channel Wavelength, �m
------------- --------------
1 0.42 - 0.45
2 (TM1) 0.45 - 0.52
3 (TM2) 0.52 - 0.60
4 0.60 - 0.62
5 (TM3) 0.63 - 0.69
6 0.69 - 0.75
7 (TM4) 0.76 - 0.90
8 0.91 - 1.05
9 (TM5) 1.55 - 1.75
10 (TM7) 2.08 - 2.35
11 (TM6) (high gain) 8.5 - 14.0
12 (TM6) (low gain) 8.5 - 14.0
4.1.1 Collection Environment
As part of the BOREAS Staff Science Data Collection Program, BORIS distributed
12-band level-0 Daedalus TMS image data. The Daedalus TMS was flown on NASA's ER-
2 aircraft during the BOREAS mission (see the BOREAS Experiment Plan for flight
pattern details and objectives).
Maintenance and operation of the instrument are the responsibility of ARC. The
ER-2 Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the High Altitude
Missions Branch at ARC provides a description of the instrument, calibration
procedures, and data format.
4.1.2 Source/Platform
NASA's ER-2 Earth Resources Aircraft
4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives
The original purpose of the Daedalus TMS was to provide high-altitude data in the
visible, near-infrared, and thermal-infrared regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum for use in land surface remote sensing and comparing with the Landsat
Thematic Mapper instrument.
4.1.4 Key Variables
Emitted radiation, reflected radiation, and temperature.
4.1.5 Principles of Operation
None given.
4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry
Instantaneous Field-Of-View (IFOV) 1.25 mrad
Total Scan Angle 42.5 degrees
Pixels/Scan Line 716
Sensor footprint is 25.0-m x 25.0-m at nadir at 19,800-m altitude.
4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument
Daedalus Enterprises
Ann Arbor, Michigan
4.2 Calibration
4.2.1 Specifications
The wavelength ranges (in �m) of the bands for the Daedalus TMS are:
Daedalus TMS Channel Wavelength, �m
------------- --------------
1 0.42 - 0.45
2 (TM1) 0.45 - 0.52
3 (TM2) 0.52 - 0.60
4 0.60 - 0.62
5 (TM3) 0.63 - 0.69
6 0.69 - 0.75
7 (TM4) 0.76 - 0.90
8 0.91 - 1.05
9 (TM5) 1.55 - 1.75
10 (TM7) 2.08 - 2.35
11 (TM6) (high gain) 8.5 - 14.0
12 (TM6) (low gain) 8.5 - 14.0
DESIGN DATA:
IFOV 1.25 milliradians
Across-track FOV +/- 21.25 degrees
Inflight calibration Integrating sphere and two
controllable blackbodies
Short wavelength array temperature 255 K
V/H range Variable 0.025 to 0.25
Scan rate Variable 10 to 100 scans/sec.
Scan speed ability One-third of the IFOV, scan
line to scan line
Data quantization 8 bits (256 discrete levels)
for all bands
Number of video samples/scan line 716
Roll compensation +/-15 degrees
Scan mirror 45-degree rotating mirror
4.2.1.1 Tolerance
None given.
4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration
The ARC Sensor Calibration Laboratory measures the Spectral Response Function
(SRF) of each band several times per year using a full-aperture scanning
monochromator. Radiometric calibration is regularly performed using a 30-in.
integrating sphere with a 12-in. exit aperture. The sphere is calibrated
periodically against a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
standard reference source. The SRF is then convolved with the measured sphere
radiance to produce in-band radiance for bands 1-10. The thermal IR bands (11
and 12) are calibrated with the two onboard blackbody reference sources that are
viewed before and after each scan line during the data acquisition, together with
the SRF measured in the laboratory.
4.2.3 Other Calibration Information
Daedalus TMS data may be intentionally overscanned, e.g., operated at some
integral multiple of the desired scan rate and then subsampled in preprocessing.
The subsampling factor is reported as a "demagnification factor."
5. Data Acquisition Methods
As part of the BOREAS Staff Science Data Collection Program, BORIS distributed
12-band level-0 Daedalus TMS image data. The Daedalus TMS was flown on NASA's ER-
2 aircraft during the BOREAS Mission (see the BOREAS Experiment Plan for flight
pattern details and objectives).
Maintenance and operation of the instrument are the responsibility of ARC. The
ER-2 Experimenter's Handbook (supplemental) produced by the High Altitude
Missions Branch at ARC provides a description of the instrument, calibration
procedures, and data format.
6. Observations
6.1 Data Notes
None given.
6.2 Field Notes
None given.
7. Data Description
7.1 Spatial Characteristics
The BOREAS Level-0 Daedalus TMS images cover the Northern Study Area (NSA) and
Southern Study Area (SSA) which are located in the northeast and southwest
portions of the overall BOREAS region.
7.1.1 Spatial Coverage
The North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) corner coordinates of the SSA are:
Latitude Longitude
-------- ---------
Northwest 54.321 N 106.228 W
Northeast 54.225 N 104.237 W
Southwest 53.515 N 106.321 W
Southeast 53.420 N 104.368 W
The NAD83 corner coordinates of the NSA are:
Latitude Longitude
-------- ---------
Northwest 56.249 N 98.825 W
Northeast 56.083 N 97.234 W
Southwest 55.542 N 99.045 W
Southeast 55.379 N 97.489 W
7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map
Not available.
7.1.3 Spatial Resolution
The Daedalus TMS IFOV provides a footprint of 25.0-m at nadir at an altitude of
19,800-m which was typical of the BOREAS flight.
7.1.4 Projection
The level-0 Daedalus TMS images were not placed in any sort of map or geographic
coordinate projection.
7.1.5 Grid Description
The BOREAS level-0 Daedalus TMS images are stored in their original data
collection frame with increasing pixel sizes from nadir to the scanning extremes
based on the scan angle.
7.2 Temporal Characteristics
7.2.1 Temporal Coverage
The level-0 Daedalus TMS image data were collected on September 16 and 17, 1994.
7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map
Study
Area Dates
----- ---------------------
SSA 16-Sep-1994
NSA 17-Sep-1994
7.2.3 Temporal Resolution
Images were acquired only on September 16 and 17, 1994.
7.3 Data Characteristics
Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file
(dtms0bil.def).
7.3.1 Parameter/Variable
The parameter contained in the image data files is:
Digital Number (DN)
7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition
For the image data files:
Digital Number (DN) - The quantized DN derived by the Daedalus TMS scanning
system for the respective channel.
7.3.3 Unit of Measurement
For the image data files:
Digital Number (DN) - counts
7.3.4 Data Source
The level-0 AOCI image bands were collected by the Daedalus TMS instrument on the
ER2 aircraft. The raw data were decommutated, processed, and sent to BORIS by
personnel within the High Altitude Aircraft Branch at NASA ARC.
7.3.5 Data Range
The maximum range of DNs in each level-0 Daedalus TMS image band is limited from
0 to 255 8 bits and is stored in an 8 bit (byte) field.
7.4 Sample Data Record
A sample data record for the level-0 Daedalus TMS images is not available here.
Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file (dtms0bil.def).
8. Data Organization
Although the image inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual
level-0 DTMS images are not. See section 15 for information about how to obtain
the data.
8.1 Data Granularity
The smallest unit of level-0 Daedalus TMS data is a single flight line of data.
8.2 Data Format(s)
A level-0 Daedalus TMS tape contains one header file followed by up to 50 files
containing data from Daedalus TMS flight lines.
The header file contains one record of 9,192 bytes that contain a mixture of
ASCII and binary values. The multibyte integer fields are stored as high-order
byte first. The contents of the header record fields are:
Bytes Description
--------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 - 80 Data Description (ASCII characters, e.g., �TMS (BOREAS) Canada�)
81 - 90 Flight Number (ASCII characters, e.g., 94-143)
91 - 120 Data Collection Date (ASCII characters, e.g., 16 SEPTEMBER 1994)
121 - 150 Data Decommutation Date (ASCII characters)
151 - 180 Archive Tape Creation Date (ASCII characters)
181 - 182 Aircraft Number (binary 16-bit integer, value of 708)
183 - 184 Scanner Type (ASCII characters)
185 - 186 Reel Number (binary 16-bit integer)
187 - 188 Expected Number of Reels (binary 16-bit integer)
189 - 198 Filler bytes
199 - 200 Number of Channels Processed (binary 16-bit integer)
201 - 224 Channel Numbers (binary 16-bit integers)
225 - 236 Filler bytes
237 - 238 Mode used to specify flight line boundaries (ASCII characters)
(AL = all data contained in one flight line)
(SL = selected scan lines) (BOREAS tape)
(GM = selected times)
239 - 240 Number of Operator-specified flight line intervals
(binary 16-bit integer)
241 - 244 Start of flight line interval number 1 (binary 32-bit integer)
245 - 248 Start of flight line interval number 2 (binary 32-bit integer)
.
.
437 - 440 Start of flight line interval number 50 (binary 32-bit integer)
441 - 444 End of flight line interval number 1 (binary 32-bit integer)
445 - 448 End of flight line interval number 2 (binary 32-bit integer)
.
.
637 - 640 End of flight line interval number 50 (binary 32-bit integer)
641 - 9192 Filler bytes
Each level-0 Daedalus TMS image from a given flight is contained in one tape
file. A physical tape record of 9,192 bytes contains 12 logical records of 766
bytes that contain housekeeping information (50 bytes) and the image data (716
bytes) from the 12 Daedalus TMS spectral bands in BIL order. The bytes of the 16-
bit and 32-bit values in the housekeeping information are ordered as high-order
byte first. The detailed structure of each logical record is:
Daedalus TMS Logical Data Record Structure
Bytes 1 - 50 Housekeeping Information
1 - 2 Data Frame Status (16-bit integer)
0 implies the data are good; nonzero implies they are bad.
10 Interpolated data
20 Repeated data
30 Zero fill data
3 - 4 Run Number (16-bit integer)
5 - 8 Scan line count (32-bit integer)
9 - 12 Panel Thumbwheel switches (32-bit integer)
Consists of 8 digits in the form YYFFFJJJ
where YY is the last two digits of the year (e.g., 94)
FFF is the flight number (e.g., 120)
JJJ is the day of the year (e.g., 202)
13 - 14 Blackbody #1 Thermal Reference Temperature (16-bit integer)
(hundredths of degrees C)
15 - 16 Blackbody #2 Thermal Reference Temperature (16-bit integer)
(hundredths of degrees C)
17 - 18 Scan Speed (16-bit integer) (tenths of scans per second)
19 - 20 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) hours (16-bit integer)
21 - 22 Minutes of the hour (16-bit integer)
23 - 24 Tenths of seconds (16-bit integer)
25 - 26 Demagnification value * 100 (16-bit integer)
(Set to 100 to indicate unity, i.e., no demagnification)
27 - 28 Filler (16-bit integer)
29 - 30 Gain Value (times 1000) (16-bit integer)
31 - 32 Channel Number (16-bit integer)
33 - 36 Time (32-bit integer)
(7 digits in the form of hhmmsst where hh is the hour,
mm is the minutes, ss is the seconds, and t is the tenths
of a second)
37 - 38 Blackbody #1 Response (16-bit integer) (Counts)
(What the sensor sees when it looks at Blackbody #1)
39 - 40 Blackbody #2 Response (16-bit integer) (Counts)
(What the sensor sees when it looks at Blackbody #2)
41 - 42 Aircraft Roll angle counts (16-bit integer)
(0.03 degrees per count or 0.06 degrees per pixel)
(Positive values indicate rotation of the aircraft in a
clockwise direction when viewed from the front;
negative values indicate counterclockwise rotation)
43 - 50 Filler bytes
Bytes 51 - 766 Binary Image data
51 - 766 Digital counts for pixels 1 to 716 of the scan line (8-bit)
The data inventory listing files contain numerical and character fields of
varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with a
single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Sample data
records are shown in the companion data definition file (dtms0bil.def).
9. Data Manipulations
9.1 Formulae
None.
9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms
None.
9.2 Data Processing Sequence
9.2.1 Processing Steps
BORIS staff processed the level-0 Daedalus TMS imagery by:
1) Creating duplicate copies of the original image data tapes
2) Extracting information from the tape to ASCII files on disk
3) Using the extracted ASCII disk file information to inventory the images by
date and location in the online data base
9.2.2 Processing Changes
None.
9.3 Calculations
9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments
None given.
9.3.2 Calculated Variables
None.
9.4 Graphs and Plots
None.
10. Errors
10.1 Sources of Error
None given.
10.2 Quality Assessment
10.2.1 Data Validation by Source
Spectral errors could arise because of image-wide signal-to-noise ratio,
saturation, cross-talk, spikes, or response normalization caused by a change in
gain.
10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment
None given.
10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters
None given.
10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments
None given.
10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center
BORIS staff reviewed the Daedalus TMS images through software that summarized the
housekeeping information in the records of each flight line and histogrammed the
image bands to gather minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation values that
were then reviewed before loading the information into the data base. No
anomalous values were noted.
11. Notes
11.1 Limitations of the Data
Not available at this revision.
11.2 Known Problems with the Data
To date, no discrepancies or problems have been noted in the data.
11.3 Usage Guidance
Not available at this revision.
11.4 Other Relevant Information
None given.
12. Application of the Data Set
This data set can be used to supplement Landsat TM or other high resolution
satellite images for land cover analyses.
13. Future Modifications and Plans
None.
14. Software
14.1 Software Description
BORIS staff developed software and command procedures for:
1) Extracting header information from level-0 Daedalus TMS images on tape and
writing it to ASCII files on disk
2) Reading the ASCII disk file and logging the level-0 Daedalus TMS image
products into the Oracle data base tables
14.2 Software Access
The software is written in C and is operational on VAX 6410 and MicroVAX 3100
systems at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The primary dependencies in the
software are the tape input/output (I/O) library and the Oracle data base utility
routines.
15. Data Access
15.1 Contact Information
Ms. Beth McCowan
BOREAS Data Manager
NASA/GSFC
Greenbelt, MD
(301) 286-4005
(301) 286-0239 (fax)
beth@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov
15.2 Data Center Identification
See Section 15.1.
15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data
Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or FAX.
15.4 Data Center Status/Plans
The level-0 DTMS image data are available from the Earth Observing System Data
and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed
Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is:
ORNL DAAC User Services
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(865) 241-3952
ornldaac@ornl.gov
ornl@eos.nasa.gov
16. Output Products and Availability
16.1 Tape Products
The BOREAS level-0 Daedalus TMS data can be made available on 1600 or 6250 BPI 9-
track, 8-mm, or DAT tapes.
16.2 Film Products
None.
16.3 Other Products
Although the image inventory is contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set, the actual
level-0 DTMS images are not. See section 15 for information about how to obtain
the data.
17. References
17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation
NASA. 1990. ER-2 Earth Resources Aircraft Experimenter's Handbook. National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,
California.
Airborne Instrumentation Research Project - Flight Summary Report Series. 1994.
NASA Ames Research Center, Airborne Missions and Applications Division, Moffett
Field, California. 94035.
17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports
Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment
Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).
Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment
Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).
Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere
Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).
Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere
Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).
Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J.
Cihlar, M. G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K. J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.
E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview
and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577.
Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1997. BOREAS Overview Paper. JGR Special Issue (in
press).
17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation
The collected data of BOREAS are currently archived at the NASA/GSFC.
18. Glossary of Terms
None given.
19. List of Acronyms
AOCI - Airborne Ocean Color Imager
ARC - Ames Research Center
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BIL - Band Interleaved by Line
BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
BORIS - BOREAS Information System
BPI - Byte per inch
CCT - Computer Compatible Tape
CD-ROM - Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory
DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center
DAT - Digital Archive Tape
DN - Digital Number
DTMS - Daedalus Thematic Mapper Simulator
EOS - Earth Observing System
EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System
fPAR - fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time
GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center
IFOV - Instantaneous Field-of-View
I/O - Input/Output
LAI - Leaf Area Index
NAD - North American Daturn 1983
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology
NSA - Northern Study Area
ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
PANP - Prince Albert National Park
SRF - Spectral Response Function
SSA - Southern Study Area
TM - Thematic Mapper
�m - micrometers
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
20. Document Information
20.1 Document Revision Dates
Written: 05-Nov-1996
Last Updated: 26-Feb-1998
20.2 Document Review Dates
BORIS Review: 20-May-1997
Science Review: 20-May-1997
20.3 Document ID
20.4 Citation
The BOREAS Level-0 Daedalus TMS data were collected and processed from the
original aircraft tapes by personnel of the High Altitude Aircraft Branch at ARC.
Their contributions to providing this data set are greatly appreciated.
20.5 Document Curator
20.6 Document URL
Keywords
ER-2
Daedalus TMS
DTMS_L0.doc
04/17/98